Nucleobase editors and uses thereof
Some aspects of this disclosure provide strategies, systems, reagents, methods, and kits that are useful for the targeted editing of nucleic acids, including editing a single site within the genome of a cell or subject, e.g., within the human genome. In some embodiments, fusion proteins of Cas9 and nucleic acid editing proteins or protein domains, e.g., deaminase domains, are provided. In some embodiments, methods for targeted nucleic acid editing are provided. In some embodiments, reagents and kits for the generation of targeted nucleic acid editing proteins, e.g., fusion proteins of Cas9 and nucleic acid editing proteins or domains, are provided.
1. A fusion protein comprising:
(i) a Cpf1 domain, wherein the Cpf1 domain, when in conjunction with a bound guide RNA (gRNA), specifically binds to a target nucleic acid sequence;
(ii) a cytidine deaminase domain, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain deaminates a cytosine base in a single-stranded portion of the target nucleic acid sequence when in conjunction with the Cpf1 domain and the gRNA; and
(iii) a uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) domain, wherein the UGI domain inhibits a uracil-DNA glycosylase.
2. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the target nucleic acid sequence is double-stranded.
3. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the Cpf1 domain is a catalytically inactive Cpf1 (dCpf1) domain.
4. The fusion protein of claim 3 , wherein the guide RNA nucleic acid binds the single-stranded portion of the target nucleic acid sequence.
5. The fusion protein of claim 4 , wherein the guide RNA nucleic acid is a single-stranded guide RNA.
6. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein deamination of the cytosine base generates a uracil base.
7. The fusion protein of claim 6 , wherein the UGI domain inhibits excision of the uracil base from the target nucleic acid sequence.
8. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises an activation-induced deaminase (AID).
9. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises a deaminase from the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex (APOBEC) family deaminase.
10. The fusion protein of claim 9 , wherein the APOBEC family deaminase is selected from the group consisting of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 1 (APOBEC1), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 2 (APOBEC2), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3 (APOBEC3), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3A (APOBEC3A), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3B (APOBEC3B), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3C (APOBEC3C), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3D (APOBEC3D), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3E (APOBEC3E), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3F (APOBEC3F), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3G (APOBEC3G), apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 3H (APOBEC3H), and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex 4 (APOBEC4).
11. A complex comprising the fusion protein of claim 1 and a guide RNA (gRNA).
12. A composition comprising the complex of claim 11 and the target nucleic acid sequence.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the target nucleic acid sequence comprises a target DNA sequence.
14. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the UGI domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 600.
15. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the UGI domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 600.
16. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the Cpf1 domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5807.
17. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the Cpf1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5807.
18. A method comprising contacting the fusion protein of claim 1 with a guide RNA and the target nucleic acid sequence.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the guide RNA comprises a sequence of at least 10 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of the target nucleic acid sequence.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the target nucleic acid sequence comprises a point mutation associated with a disease or disorder.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the target nucleic acid sequence comprises an RNA sequence.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the target nucleic acid sequence comprises a DNA sequence.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the guide RNA comprises a sequence of at least 10 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to at least 18-20 contiguous nucleotides of the target nucleic acid sequence.