Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligaments
Apparatus for locating an attachment position for a reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament on an attachment surface of a bone comprises locating means 51, 61 arranged to locate at least one reference surface 4 of the bone and guide means 53, 54 arranged to define the attachment position in two dimensions on the attachment surface relative to the reference surface.
1. A method of locating an attachment position for a reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a computer controlled navigation system that includes a locating system, a computer electrically connected to the locating system, an instruction conveying device electrically connected to the computer, and a drilling guide with a probe and a drilling guide locating marker, comprising:
instructing a user to move a tip of the probe to two or more points on a bone to which the reconstructed ACL is to be attached;
monitoring two or more positions associated with the two or more points to which the tip of the probe is moved with the locating system;
building a model of the surface of the bone based on the two or more positions monitored;
determining a desired position for ACL attachment for the model built; and
instructing the user to move the drilling guide to a desired location and orientation on the bone that enables the drilling guide to be used to prepare the bone for ACL attachment in the desired position.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more points on a bone includes the computer generating the instructions and the instruction conveying device communicating the instructions.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the instruction conveying device communicating the instructions includes a video display communicating the instructions.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more points on a bone includes instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more points that are easily identifiable points on the bone.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more points on a bone includes instructing the user to move the tip of the probe over a surface of the bone.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more points on a bone includes instructing the user to move the tip of the probe to two or more of the following: one or both spinous processes, interspinous fossa, interspinous ridge, one or both condyles, inter-condylar notch, and transverse ridge.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein monitoring the two or more positions associated with the two or more points to which the tip of the probe is moved with the locating system is accomplished by tracking the drilling guide locating marker with the locating system in combination with making calculation with the computer.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein building the model of the surface of the bone based on the two or more positions monitored includes comparing the two or more positions monitored to bone sizes and shapes stored in the computer, based on data related to sizes and shapes of multiple bone samples, to select a best fit model to represent the model built.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the desired position for ACL attachment for the model built is accomplished by the computer based on data stored in the computer regarding positions of ACL attachment of multiple bone samples.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein instructing the user to move the drilling guide to a desired location and orientation on the bone that enables the drilling guide to be used to prepare the bone for ACL attachment in the desired position includes the computer generating the instructions and the instruction conveying device communicating the instructions to the user.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the instruction conveying device communicating the instructions to the user includes communicating instructions through a video display.