High resolution time domain reflectometry (TDR) in fault location measurement in a cable network
A test instrument connectable to a cable television (CATV) network to provide a high resolution time domain reflectometry (TDR) in a fault location measurement is disclosed. The test instrument may have a port connectable to a test point in the CATV network. The test instrument may also have a processing circuit to perform a calibration measurement and a fault location measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses into a closed calibration circuit within the test instrument, and receiving return signals at an analog-digital converter in the test instrument. The processing circuit may resample the calibration measurement and the fault location measurement at a high sampling rate, cross-correlate the fault location with the calibration measurement to generate a cross-correlation TDR waveform, and generate a new TDR waveform using a refinement processing technique to remove echoes from the cross-correlation TDR waveform.
1. A test instrument connectable to a cable television (CATV) network to provide a time domain reflectometry (TDR) in a fault location measurement, the test instrument comprising:
a port connectable to a test point in the CATV network; and
a processing circuit to:
perform a first calibration measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at a first sampling rate into a closed calibration circuit within the test instrument, and receiving return signals at an analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
perform a first fault location measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at the first sampling rate into the CATV network, and receiving return signals at the analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
perform a second calibration measurement at a second sampling rate and a second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate that is higher than the first sampling rate;
cross-correlate the second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate with the second calibration measurement at the second sampling rate to generate a cross-correlation TDR waveform;
generate a new TDR waveform using a refinement processing technique to remove echoes from the cross-correlation TDR waveform;
repeat the cross-correlation and the new TDR waveform generation when the new TDR waveform does not meet a predetermined threshold; and
provide the new TDR waveform to an output, wherein the new TDR waveform is a high resolution TDR waveform associated with a fault location identification in the CATV network.
2. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is to store the first calibration measurement in memory, wherein the first calibration measurement is determined based on the transmitted frequency-chirped probe pulses and the received return signals.
3. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is to store the first fault location measurement in memory, wherein the first fault location measurement is determined based on the transmitted frequency-chirped probe pulses and the received return signals.
4. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the first sampling rate is between 4-110 MHz and the second sampling rate is 4 GHz.
5. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein a filter is used to eliminate or reduce artifacts during the performance of the second calibration measurement and the second fault location measurement.
6. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the refinement processing technique comprises:
identifying a highest peak in the cross-correlation TDR waveform and determining a time value and an amplitude of the highest peak;
converting the time value that corresponds with the highest peak into a delay factor;
delaying the second calibration measurement by the delay factor; and
scaling the second fault location measurement by the delayed second calibration measurement by a specific correlation.
7. The test instrument of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold is a configurable threshold with a starting value of −33 dBrl.
8. A method for providing a time domain reflectometry (TDR) in a fault location measurement in a cable television (CATV) network, comprising:
performing, by a processor of a test instrument, a first calibration measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at a first sampling rate into a closed calibration circuit within the test instrument, and receiving return signals at an analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
performing, by the processor, a first fault location measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at the first sampling rate into the CATV network, and receiving return signals at the analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
performing, by the processor, a second calibration measurement at a second sampling rate and a second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate that is higher than the first sampling rate;
cross-correlating, by the processor, the second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate with the second calibration measurement at the second sampling rate to generate a cross-correlation TDR waveform;
generating, by the processor, a new TDR waveform using a refinement processing technique to remove echoes from the cross-correlation TDR waveform;
repeating, by the processor, the cross-correlation and the new TDR waveform generation when the new TDR waveform does not meet a predetermined threshold; and
providing, by the processor, the new TDR waveform to an output, wherein the new TDR waveform is a high resolution TDR waveform associated with a fault location identification in the CATV network.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
storing the second calibration measurement in memory, wherein the second calibration measurement is determined based on the transmitted frequency-chirped probe pulses and the received return signals.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
storing the second fault location measurement in memory, wherein the second fault location measurement is determined based on the transmitted frequency-chirped probe pulses and the received return signals.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first sampling rate is between 4-110 MHz and the second sampling rate is 4 GHz.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein a filter is used to eliminate or reduce artifacts during the performance of the second calibration measurement and the second fault location measurement.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the refinement processing technique comprises:
identifying a highest peak in the cross-correlation TDR waveform and determining a time value and an amplitude of the highest peak;
converting the time value that corresponds with the highest peak into a delay factor;
delaying the second calibration measurement by the delay factor; and
scaling the second fault location measurement by the delayed second calibration measurement by a specific correlation.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the predetermined threshold is a configurable threshold with a starting value of −33 dBrl.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
perform a first calibration measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at a first sampling rate into a closed calibration circuit within a test instrument, and receiving return signals at an analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
perform a first fault location measurement by transmitting frequency-chirped probe pulses at the first sampling rate into a cable television (CATV) network, and receiving return signals at the analog-digital converter in the test instrument;
perform a second calibration measurement at a second sampling rate and a second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate that is higher than the first sampling rate;
cross-correlate the second fault location measurement at the second sampling rate with the second calibration measurement at the second sampling rate to generate a cross-correlation TDR waveform;
generate a new TDR waveform using a refinement processing technique to remove echoes from the cross-correlation TDR waveform;
repeat the cross-correlation and the new TDR waveform generation when the new TDR waveform does not meet a predetermined threshold; and
provide the new TDR waveform to an output, wherein the new TDR waveform is a high resolution TDR waveform associated with a fault location identification in the CATV network.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to store the first calibration measurement in memory, wherein the first calibration measurement is determined based on the transmitted frequency-chirped probe pulses and the received return signals.
17. The nor-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to eliminate or reduce artifacts during the performance of the second calibration measurement and the second fault location measurement.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein, to generate the new TDR waveform, the instructions cause the processor to:
identify a highest peak in the cross-correlation TDR waveform and determine a time value and an amplitude of the highest peak;
convert the time value that corresponds with the highest peak into a delay factor;
delay the second calibration measurement by the delay factor; and
scale the second fault location measurement by the delayed second calibration measurement by a specific correlation.