Wave energy conversion of horizontal surge motion

1. A system for converting mechanical wave energy into electrical energy, the system comprising:

a wave energy converter (WEC) comprising:

a surface float;

a reaction structure;

a plurality of flexible tethers, each flexible tether connecting the surface float to the reaction structure; and

a plurality of drivetrains, wherein each drivetrain is connected to a corresponding flexible tether;

wherein each flexible tether connecting the drivetrain to the reaction structure has a length established to treat the system as an inverse pendulum to utilize a horizontal surge motion of the surface float to present tension at the corresponding drivetrain for production of electrical energy from the horizontal surge motion, and to follow approximately a natural pendulum given by the formula:

T

n

≈

2

⁢

π

⁢

L

g

wherein where L is the length of a tether, and g is the gravitational acceleration, and T n is the natural period,

wherein the each flexible tether is individually adjustable in length, and wherein at least two flexible tethers can produce different effective moment arms about the surface float center of gravity resulting in a net pitch moment.

2. The system of claim 1 , where the reaction structure rests on or is attached to the sea floor.

3. The system of claim 1 , where the reaction structure is suspended above the sea floor by one or more tethers separate from the plurality of flexible tethers.

4. The system of claim 1 , where the natural period of surge oscillation of the system is different than the natural period for pitch motion of the system.

5. The system of claim 1 , where the natural period of surge oscillation of the system is different than the natural period for heave motion of the system.

6. The system of claim 1 , where the natural period of surge oscillation of the system is similar the natural period for pitch motion to maximize energy capture from waves in a sea-state that has an average energy period conducive to the natural period of surge oscillation and the natural period for pitch motion of the system.

7. The system of claim 1 , where the natural period of surge oscillation of the system is similar the natural period for heave motion so as to maximize energy capture from waves in a sea-state that has an average energy period conducive to the natural period of surge oscillation and the natural period for heave motion of the system.

8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising tether controllers to change the length of at least one of the flexible tethers and, therefore, the period of oscillation in surge motion, based on a real or expected sea state that the system is operating in.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising more than one body may be suspended from the surface float using the flexible tethers at different depths below the surface.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the drivetrain is located within the surface float.

11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a second reaction structure.

12. The system of claims 11 , wherein the second reaction structures is at different lengths from the reaction structure.

13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the tether controllers are onboard the surface float.

14. A system for converting mechanical wave energy into electrical energy, the system comprising:

a wave energy converter (WEC) comprising:

a surface float;

a reaction structure;

a plurality of flexible tethers, each flexible tether connecting the surface float to the reaction structure; and

a plurality of drivetrains, wherein each drivetrain is connected to a corresponding flexible tether;

wherein each flexible tether connecting the drivetrain to the reaction structure has a length to treat the system as an inverse pendulum to utilize a horizontal surge motion of the surface float to present tension at the corresponding drivetrain for production of electrical energy from the horizontal surge motion, and to follow approximately a natural pendulum given by the formula:

T

n

≈

2

⁢

π

⁢

L

g

wherein where L is the length of a tether, and g is the gravitational acceleration, and T n is the natural period,

wherein the each flexible tether is individually adjustable in length, and wherein at least two flexible tethers can produce different effective moment arms about the surface float center of gravity resulting in a net pitch moment;

tether controllers to change the length of at least one of the flexible tethers and, therefore, the period of oscillation in surge motion, based on a real or expected sea state in which the system is operating.