Method for rapid maturation of distilled spirits using light and heat processes
An improved system and process for rapidly producing distilled spirits having characteristics associated with a much longer maturation process is provided. The method involves contacting wood with an amount of unmatured distilled spirit under heated conditions and contacting the resulting heat-treated spirit with actinic light. The disclosure provides embodiments where a spirit is sequentially processed through heat and actinic light treatment. The disclosure also provides embodiments where a heat-treated spirit is mixed with a spirit that has been separately treated with light to give characteristics of a mature spirit. Air may also be percolated through a mature spirit in a container with a headspace at a gauge pressure between about −25 inHg and about −30 inHg, until the alcohol concentration of the mature spirit is reduced by between about 1% to about 2% by volume, and until the total volume of the mature spirit is reduced by about 10% or less.
1. A process for producing a mature spirit, the process comprising:
(a) providing heat to a mixture consisting essentially of an unmatured distilled spirit and wood, to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to give a distilled spirit mixture;
(b) removing an amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (a);
(c) contacting the removed amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for from about 12 hours to about 96 hours to yield a heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(d) transferring the heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof to the remaining heat-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (a) or a portion thereof to yield a combined mixture of heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture; and
(e) providing heat to the combined heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (d) or portion thereof to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to produce the mature spirit.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the unmature distilled spirit is selected from the group consisting of sugar cane spirits, grain spirits, fruit spirits, and agave spirits.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the unmature distilled spirit is selected from the group consisting of rum, tequila, mescal, whiskey, brandy, and gin.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mature spirit is characterized by an increase in sinapaldehyde.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mature spirit is characterized by an increase in sinapaldehyde, ethyl dodecanoate, and ethyl decanoate.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mature spirit is characterized by amounts of sinapaldehyde, ethyl dodecanoate, and ethyl decanoate that are substantially similar to the relative proportions shown in FIG. 6 , as measured by GCMS.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mature spirit has an ethyl acetate concentration of about 59,000 μg/L.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of step (a) and step (e) is maintained at between about 140° F. and about 150° F. for about 168 hours to about 226 hours.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of step (a) and step (e) is maintained at between about 150° F. and about 160° F. for about 24 hours to about 72 hours.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises:
(f) contacting the mature spirit from step (e) with wood and actinic light at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for about 12 hours to about 96 hours.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the process further comprises:
(g) heating with wood at a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 24 hours to about 336 hours.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the distilled spirit mixture removed from step (a) is about 1% to about 99% of the total volume.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the amount of the distilled spirit mixture removed from step (a) is about 1% to about 10% of the total volume.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the wood is selected from the group consisting of wood strips, wood chips, wood pellets, wood powder, and combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) is vented to maintain a pressure of about 10 psi.
16. A process for producing a mature spirit, the process comprising:
(a) providing heat to a mixture consisting essentially of an unmatured distilled spirit and wood; to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to give a heat-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(b) removing an amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (a);
(c) contacting the removed amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for from about 12 to about 96 hours to yield a heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(d) transferring the heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof to the remaining heat-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (a) or a portion thereof to yield a combined mixture of heat-treated distilled spirit and heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit;
(e) providing heat to the combined mixture of heat-treated distilled spirit and heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit from step (d) or portion thereof to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F and about 170° F for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to produce the mature spirit; and
(f) percolating air through the mature spirit of step (e) in a container with a headspace at a gauge pressure between about −25 inHg and about −30 inHg until the alcohol concentration of the mature spirit is reduced by between about 1% and about 2% by volume and until the total volume of the mature spirit is reduced by about 10% or less.
17. The process of claim 16 ; wherein the concentration in the mature spirit is decreased for one or more chemical markers selected from the group consisting of methanol; C 2 -C 6 fatty acids, and C 2 -C 6 fatty acid esters.
18. The process of claim 16 ; wherein the concentration in the mature spirit is increased for one or more chemical markers selected from the group consisting of vanillin, phenylated esters, C 7 -C 24 fatty acid esters; and phenolic aldehydes.
19. The process of claim 16 , wherein the alcohol concentration of the mature spirit is determined during the process using an in-line density meter connected to the container.
20. The process of claim 16 , wherein the gauge pressure is between about −27 inHg and about −28 inHg.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the gauge pressure is about −27.75 inHg.
22. The process of claim 20 , wherein step (c) is vented to maintain a pressure of about 10 psi.
23. A process for producing a mature spirit, the process comprising:
(a) providing heating to a mixture consisting essentially of an unmatured distilled spirit and wood, to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to give a heat-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(b) removing an amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture from step (a);
(c) contacting the removed amount of heat-treated distilled spirit mixture with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for at least two hours to yield a heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(d) transferring the heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof to an amount of an unmatured distilled spirit to give a combined mixture of unmatured distilled spirit and heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit; and
(e) providing heat to the combined mixture of unmatured distilled spirit and heat-treated and actinic light-treated distilled spirit from step (d) or portion thereof to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to produce the unmature spirit.
24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the unmature distilled spirit is selected from the group consisting of sugar cane spirits, grain spirits, fruit spirits, and agave spirits.
25. The process of claim 23 , wherein the temperature of step (a) and step (e) is maintained at between about 140° F. and about 150° F. for about 168 hours to about 226 hours.
26. The process of claim 23 , wherein the process further comprises:
(f) contacting the mature spirit from step (e) with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for about 12 hours to about 96 hours.
27. The process of claim 26 , wherein the process further comprises:
(g) heating with wood at a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 24 hours to about 336 hours.
28. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (c) is vented to maintain a pressure of about 10 psi.
29. A process for producing a mature spirit, the process comprising:
(a) contacting a mixture consisting essentially of a first unmatured distilled spirit with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for at least two hours to yield an actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(b) transferring the actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof to a second unmatured distilled spirit or a portion thereof to yield a combined mixture of heat-treated distilled spirit and unmatured distilled spirit; and
(c) providing heat to the combined mixture of heat-treated distilled spirit and second unmatured distilled spirit from step (b) or portion thereof to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to produce the mature spirit.
30. The process of claim 29 , wherein step (a) is vented to maintain a pressure of about 10 psi.
31. A process for producing a mature spirit, the process comprising:
(a) contacting a first mixture consisting essentially of an unmatured distilled spirit with wood and actinic light at a wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm for at least two hours to yield an actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(b) providing heat to a second mixture consisting essentially of an unmatured distilled spirit and wood to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to yield a heat-treated distilled spirit mixture;
(c) combining the actinic light-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof and the heat-treated distilled spirit mixture or a portion thereof to yield a combined mixture of an actinic light-treated distilled spirit and heat-treated distilled spirit; and
(d) providing heat to the actinic light-treated distilled spirit and heat-treated distilled spirits of step (c) or portion thereof to maintain a temperature of between about 140° F. and about 170° F. for about 12 hours to about 336 hours to yield a mature spirit.
32. The process of claim 31 , wherein step (a) is vented to maintain a pressure of about 10 psi.