Analyzing a rock sample

1. A method for analyzing rock from an image of a sample region of the rock, the method comprising:

accessing, by one or more processing devices, element maps of the sample region in a database, each element map comprising an array of pixels, and each pixel having a value that represents how closely the pixel correlates to a chemical element;

accessing, by one or more processing devices, a database storing threshold values for multiple chemical elements including the chemical element;

determining, by one or more processing devices, a presence of a substance in a portion of the sample region corresponding to the pixel by determining whether a value of the pixel in each of the element maps is greater than, or less than, a threshold value for a corresponding chemical element by

selecting an element map for a chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold; and

detecting the presence of a substance by determining if the value of the pixel has a predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

where, if the value of the pixel does not have the predetermined relationship with first threshold, the method further comprises repeating selecting, comparing, and determining for a different chemical element;

labeling, by one or more processing devices, the pixel based on the presence of the substance in the pixel; and

outputting, by one or more processing devices, data representing a substance map for rendering on a graphical interface.

2. The method of claim 1 , where the image is obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

3. The method of claim 1 , where at least one element map is generated based on a back scatter electron (BSE) image, an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) image, a wave dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), or micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) image.

4. The method of claim 1 , where each element map is based on unprocessed image data.

5. The method of claim 1 , where the chemical element comprises at least one of: aluminum, calcium, carbon, chlorine, iron, oxygen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, silicon, or titanium.

6. The method of claim 1 , where a resolution of the substance map is less than, or equal to, 250 nm per pixel.

7. The method of claim 1 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being greater than the first threshold.

8. The method of claim 1 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being less than the first threshold.

9. The method of claim 1 , where determining comprises:

selecting an element map for a first chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold;

determining that the value of the pixel has a first predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

selecting an element map for a second chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the second selected element map to a second threshold; and

determining that the value of the pixel has a second predetermined relationship with the second threshold; and

where labeling comprises labeling the pixel as a substance based on the value of the pixel having the first predetermined relationship with the first threshold and based on the value of the pixel having the second predetermined relationship with the second threshold.

10. The method of claim 1 , where the substance is a mineral, and where the substance map is a mineral map.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving data representing the sample region, the data being received from an imaging device and representing the pixel at a nano-scale resolution, the determining being based on the data received, the substance map being at a resolution that is based on the nano-scale resolution;

performing an assessment of substances in the substance map; and

outputting data that is based on the assessment.

12. The method of claim 11 , where the data that is based on the assessment comprises a characterization of substances in the substance map.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

determining a likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample based on the characterization of the substances; and

affecting operation of a hydrocarbon extraction process based on the likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample.

14. One or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions for analyzing rock from an image of a sample region of the rock, the instructions being executable by one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising:

analyzing rock from an image of a sample region of the rock;

accessing element maps of the sample region in a database, each element map comprising an array of pixels, and each pixel having a value that represents how closely the pixel correlates to a chemical element;

accessing a database storing threshold values for multiple chemical elements including the chemical element;

determining a presence of a substance in a portion of the sample region corresponding to the pixel by determining whether a value of the pixel in each of the element maps is greater than, or less than, a threshold value for a corresponding chemical element by

selecting an element map for a chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold; and

detecting the presence of a substance by determining if the value of the pixel has a predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

where, if the value of the pixel does not have the predetermined relationship with first threshold, the method further comprises repeating selecting, comparing, and determining for a different chemical element;

labeling the pixel based on the presence of the substance in the pixel; and

outputting data representing a substance map for rendering on a graphical interface.

15. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the image is obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

16. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where at least one element map is generated based on a back scatter electron (BSE) image, an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) image, a wave dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), or micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) image.

17. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where each element map is based on unprocessed image data.

18. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the chemical element comprises at least one of: aluminum, calcium, carbon, chlorine, iron, oxygen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, silicon, or titanium.

19. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where a resolution of the substance map is less than, or equal to, 250 nm per pixel.

20. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being greater than the first threshold.

21. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being less than the first threshold.

22. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where determining comprises:

selecting an element map for a first chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold;

determining that the value of the pixel has a first predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

selecting an element map for a second chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the second selected element map to a second threshold; and

determining that the value of the pixel has a second predetermined relationship with the second threshold; and

where labeling comprises labeling the pixel as a substance based on the value of the pixel having the first predetermined relationship with the first threshold and based on the value of the pixel having the second predetermined relationship with the second threshold.

23. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the substance is a mineral, and where the substance map is a mineral map.

24. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 14 , where the operations comprise:

receiving data representing the sample region, the data being received from an imaging device and representing the pixel at a nano-scale resolution, the determining being based on the data received, the substance map being at a resolution that is based on the nano-scale resolution;

performing an assessment of substances in the substance map; and

outputting data that is based on the assessment.

25. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 24 , where the data that is based on the assessment comprises a characterization of substances in the substance map.

26. The one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 25 , where the operations comprise:

determining a likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample based on the characterization of the substances; and

affecting operation of a hydrocarbon extraction process based on the likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample.

27. A system comprising:

one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions for analyzing rock from an image of a sample region of the rock; and

one or more processing devices to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:

analyzing rock from an image of a sample region of the rock;

accessing element maps of the sample region in a database, each element map comprising an array of pixels, and each pixel having a value that represents how closely the pixel correlates to a chemical element;

accessing a database storing threshold values for multiple chemical elements including the chemical element;

determining a presence of a substance in a portion of the sample region corresponding to the pixel by determining whether a value of the pixel in each of the element maps is greater than, or less than, a threshold value for a corresponding chemical element by

selecting an element map for a chemical element

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold; and

detecting the presence of a substance by determining if the value of the pixel has a predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

where, if the value of the pixel does not have the predetermined relationship with first threshold, the method further comprises repeating selecting, comparing, and determining for a different chemical element;

labeling the pixel based on the presence of the substance in the pixel; and

outputting data representing a substance map for rendering on a graphical interface.

28. The system of claim 27 , where the image is obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

29. The system of claim 27 , where at least one element map is generated based on a back scatter electron (BSE) image, an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) image, a wave dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), or micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) image.

30. The system of claim 27 , where each element map is based on unprocessed image data.

31. The system of claim 27 , where the chemical element comprises at least one of: aluminum, calcium, carbon, chlorine, iron, oxygen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, silicon, or titanium.

32. The system of claim 27 , where a resolution of the substance map is less than, or equal to, 250 nm per pixel.

33. The system of claim 27 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being greater than the first threshold.

34. The system of claim 27 , where the predetermined relationship comprises the value of the pixel being less than the first threshold.

35. The system of claim 27 , where determining comprises:

selecting an element map for a first chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the selected element map to a first threshold;

determining that the value of the pixel has a first predetermined relationship with the first threshold;

selecting an element map for a second chemical element;

comparing a value of the pixel in the second selected element map to a second threshold; and

determining that the value of the pixel has a second predetermined relationship with the second threshold; and

where labeling comprises labeling the pixel as a substance based on the value of the pixel having the first predetermined relationship with the first threshold and based on the value of the pixel having the second predetermined relationship with the second threshold.

36. The system of claim 27 , where the substance is a mineral, and where the substance map is a mineral map.

37. The system of claim 27 , where the operations comprise:

receiving data representing the sample region, the data being received from an imaging device and representing the pixel at a nano-scale resolution, the determining being based on the data received, the substance map being at a resolution that is based on the nano-scale resolution;

performing an assessment of substances in the substance map; and

outputting data that is based on the assessment.

38. The system of claim 37 , where the data that is based on the assessment comprises a characterization of substances in the substance map.

39. The system of claim 38 , where the operations comprise:

determining a likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample based on the characterization of the substances; and

affecting operation of a hydrocarbon extraction process based on the likelihood of hydrocarbons in the rock sample.