Enhanced wear resistant steel and methods of making the same
Improved steel compositions and methods of making the same are provided. The present disclosure provides advantageous wear resistant steel. More particularly, the present disclosure provides high manganese (Mn) steel having enhanced wear resistance, and methods for fabricating high manganese steel compositions having enhanced wear resistance. The advantageous steel compositions/components of the present disclosure improve one or more of the following properties: wear resistance, ductility, crack resistance, erosion resistance, fatigue life, surface hardness, stress corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and/or environmental cracking resistance. In general, the present disclosure provides high manganese steels tailored to resist wear and/or erosion.
1. A method for fabricating a ferrous based component, the method comprising:
(a) providing a composition having:
from about 5 to about 40 weight % manganese,
from about 0.01 to about 3.0 weight % carbon,
from about 3 to about 30 weight % chromium,
from about 0.001 to about 3 weight % nitrogen,
from 0 to about 15 weight % aluminum,
from 0 to about 10 weight % silicon,
from 0 to about 10 weight % copper,
from 0 to about 10 weight % niobium,
from 0 to about 10 weight % vanadium,
from 0 to about 10 weight % titanium,
from 0 to about 20 weight % nickel,
from 0 to about 1 weight % boron,
from 0 to about 20 weight % cobalt,
from 0 to about 10 weight % molybdenum,
from 0 to about 10 weight % tungsten,
from 0 to about 10 weight % tantalum,
from 0 to about 6 weight % zirconium,
from 0 to about 6 weight % hafnium,
from 0 to about 6 weight % lanthanum,
from 0 to about 6 weight % scandium,
from 0 to about 6 weight % cerium, and
the balance iron;
(b) heating the composition to at least about 1000° C.;
(c) cooling the composition at a rate of from about 2° C. per second to about 60° C. per second, followed by hot rolling the composition at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1000° C.;
(d) slowly cooling or isothermally holding the composition; and
(e) quenching or accelerated cooling or air cooling the composition from a temperature in a range of from 700° C. to about 1000° C. to a temperature in a range of from 0° C. to about 500° C. at a rate of at least about 10° C. per second.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) includes heating the composition to at least about 1100° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein after step (e), the carbide precipitate fraction volume of the composition is about 5 volume % or less of the composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , the composition has a microstructure having a refined grain size of about 100 μm or less.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the microstructure having a refined grain size of about 100 μm or less includes a surface layer of the composition.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the thickness of the surface layer is from about nm to about 5000 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a surface layer is formed prior to or during use of the composition, wherein the surface layer comprises a microstructure having a refined grain size of about 100 μm or less.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the surface layer is comprised of predominantly the austenite phase.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the surface layer is formed via a surface deformation technique selected from the group consisting of shot peening, laser shock peening, surface burnishing and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after step (e) a surface deformation step selected from the group consisting of shot peening, laser shock peening, surface burnishing and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after step (e), heating the composition to a temperature above the austenite recrystallization stop temperature, and then quenching the composition.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of: the chromium ranges from 3 to about 20 weight % of the total composition; the nickel ranges from 0.5 to 20 weight % of the total composition; the cobalt ranges from 0.5 to 20 weight % of the total composition; the aluminum ranges from 0.2 to 15 weight % of the total composition; the molybdenum ranges from 0.2 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the niobium ranges from 0.2 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the copper ranges from 0.2 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the titanium ranges from 0.2 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the vanadium ranges from 0.2 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the silicon ranges from 0.01 to 10 weight % of the total composition; the nitrogen ranges from 0.01 to 3.0 weight % of the total composition; the boron ranges from 0.001 to 0.1 weight % of the total composition; the zirconium ranges from 0.2 to 6 weight % of the total composition; the hafnium ranges from 0.2 to 6 weight % of the total composition; or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes from about 8 to about 40 weight % manganese, from about 0.60 to about 3.0 weight % carbon, from 3 to about 5 weight % chromium, from about 0.5 to about 2.0 weight % copper, from about 0.1 to about 1 weight % silicon, and the balance iron.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) causes transformation induced plasticity or twin-induced plasticity.