Methods and compositions for consumables
Disclosed herein are improved methods and compositions which more accurately replicate the characteristics that consumers value in the preparation and consumption of meat and which overcome the shortcomings and drawbacks of current meat substitutes.
1. A beef replica product, comprising:
a) a muscle replica comprising 0.1%-5% of a heme-containing protein, at least one sugar compound and at least one sulfur compound; and
b) a fat tissue replica comprising at least one plant oil and
a denatured plant protein,
wherein said muscle replica and fat tissue replica are assembled in a manner that approximates the physical organization of meat.
2. The beef replica product of claim 1 , further comprising a connective tissue replica.
3. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein the denatured plant protein comprises one or more isolated non-heme-containing proteins.
4. The beef replica product of claim 3 , wherein each of said one or more isolated non-heme-containing proteins is derived from a different plant species.
5. The beef replica product of claim 3 , wherein said one or more isolated non-heme-containing proteins is selected from the group consisting of: ribosomal proteins, actin, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, phosphofructokinases, triose phosphate isomerases, phosphoglycerate kinases, phosphoglycerate mutases, enolases, pyruvate kinases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, pyruvate decarboxylases, translation elongation factors, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase (Rubisco activase), albumins, glycinins, conglycinins, globulins, vicilins, conalbumin, gliadin, glutelin, gluten, glutenin, hordein, prolamin, phaseolin protein, proteinoplast, secalin, extensins, triticeae gluten, zein, a seed storage protein, oleosins, caloleosins, steroleosins or other oil body proteins, vegetative storage protein A, vegetative storage protein B, and moong seed storage 8S globulin.
6. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product does not contain one or more of methylcellulose, carrageenan, caramel color, konjac flour, gum arabic, and acacia gum.
7. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product contains less than 1% wheat gluten.
8. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product contains no wheat gluten.
9. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef product does not contain one or more of soy protein isolate, soy protein concentrate, or tofu.
10. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef product contains less than 5% carbohydrates.
11. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product is characterized by one or more of the following: contains no tofu, contains no soy protein, contains less than 1% cellulose, contains less than 5% insoluble carbohydrates, or contains no wheat gluten.
12. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product contains no animal products and less than 5% carbohydrates.
13. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said beef replica product contains no wheat gluten and less than 5% insoluble carbohydrates.
14. The beef replica product of claim 3 , comprising:
a) 60-90% water;
b) 5-30% protein content;
c) 1-20% of a fat; wherein said one or more isolated non-heme-containing protein comprises one or more isolated plant proteins.
15. The beef replica product of claim 1 , wherein said plant protein is an oil body protein.
16. The beef replica product of claim 2 , wherein (i) said muscle replica accounts for 40-90% of said product by weight, (ii) said fat tissue replica accounts for 1-60% of said product by weight.
17. The beef replica product of claim 2 , wherein the connective tissue replica comprises a precipitated plant protein.