Using a predetermined ablation-current profile
Described embodiments include a system that includes a current source generator and a processor. The processor is configured to drive the current source generator to supply, for application to tissue of a subject, an electric current having an amplitude that varies in accordance with a predefined function of time, such that the amplitude initially monotonically increases to a maximum value. Other embodiments are also described.
1. A system, comprising:
a computer memory; and
a processor, configured to:
while simulating an application of an electric current to simulated tissue, control an amplitude of the electric current such that a maximum subsurface temperature of the simulated tissue increases toward a predefined threshold without exceeding the predefined threshold, wherein the processor is configured to, by controlling the amplitude, cause the amplitude to initially monotonically increase to a maximum value,
derive a function of time from values of the amplitude over the simulated application, wherein the processor is configured to derive the function of time by fitting a predefined function template to the values of the amplitude over the simulated application, and
store the function of time in the computer memory for subsequent use in an ablation procedure.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the amplitude is a root mean square (RMS) amplitude, and wherein the maximum value of the RMS amplitude is between 0.8 and 1.2 A.
3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the amplitude to monotonically increase to the maximum value in less than 0.5 s.
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to, by controlling the amplitude, cause the maximum subsurface temperature to increase to within 5° C. of the predefined threshold in less than 1.5 s from a start of the simulated application, and to then remain within 5° C. of the predefined threshold until an end of the simulated application.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the function of time by selecting at least some of the values of the amplitude over the simulated application, and to store the function of time by storing the selected values.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the function of time returns, for any value of time t, (a+t b )/(c+d*t e +f*t g ) for constants a, b, c, d, e, f, and g.
7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to control the amplitude by, given a current amplitude-value A of the amplitude and a current temperature-value T of the maximum subsurface temperature, setting a next value of the amplitude to min(A, max(A min , |A min −C*(T−T lim )|)), where A min is a predefined minimum amplitude value, C is a predefined constant, and T lim is the predefined threshold.
8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the maximum subsurface temperature to increase asymptotically toward the predefined threshold by controlling the amplitude.
9. The system according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electric current is a simulated electric current,
wherein the amplitude is a simulated amplitude,
wherein the system further comprises a current source generator, and
wherein the processor is further configured to drive the current source generator to supply an actual electric current having an actual amplitude that varies in accordance with the function of time during the ablation procedure.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the predefined threshold is between 120 and 130° C.
11. A method, comprising:
using a processor, while simulating an application of an electric current to simulated tissue, controlling an amplitude of the electric current such that a maximum subsurface temperature of the simulated tissue increases toward a predefined threshold without exceeding the predefined threshold, wherein controlling the amplitude comprises causing the amplitude to initially monotonically increase to a maximum value;
deriving a function of time from values of the amplitude over the simulated application, wherein deriving the function of time comprises deriving the function of time by fitting a predefined function template to the values of the amplitude over the simulated application; and
storing the function of time for subsequent use in an ablation procedure.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the amplitude is a root mean square (RMS) amplitude, and wherein the maximum value is between 0.8 and 1.2 A.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein causing the amplitude to monotonically increase to the maximum value comprises causing the amplitude to monotonically increase to the maximum value in less than 0.5 s.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein controlling the amplitude comprises controlling the amplitude such that the maximum subsurface temperature increases to within 5° C. of the predefined threshold in less than 1.5 s from a start of the simulated application, and then remains within 5° C. of the predefined threshold until an end of the simulated application.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein deriving the function of time comprises deriving the function of time by selecting at least some of the values of the amplitude over the simulated application, and wherein storing the function of time comprises storing the function of time by storing the selected values.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the function of time returns, for any value of time t, (a+t b )/(c+d*t e +f*t g ) for constants a, b, c, d, e, f, and g.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein controlling the amplitude comprises controlling the amplitude by, given a current amplitude-value A of the amplitude and a current temperature-value T of the maximum subsurface temperature, setting a next value of the amplitude to a minimum of (i) A and (ii) a maximum of A min and |A min −C*(T−T lim )|, where A min is a predefined minimum amplitude value, C is a predefined constant, and T lim is the predefined threshold.
18. The method according to claim 11 , wherein controlling the amplitude comprises controlling the amplitude such that the maximum subsurface temperature increases asymptotically toward the predefined threshold.
19. The method according to claim 11 ,
wherein the electric current is a simulated electric current,
wherein the amplitude is a simulated amplitude, and
wherein the method further comprises driving a current source generator to supply an actual electric current having an actual amplitude that varies in accordance with the function of time during the ablation procedure.
20. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the predefined threshold is between 120 and 130° C.