Optical branching unit
An optical communications apparatus includes a branching unit and a switching module. The branching unit is configured to be connected to first, second, and third optical cables each including an optical fiber. The branching unit includes a branch optical path configured to route a fixed pre-determined range of wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the optical fiber of the first cable to the optical fiber of the third cable. The switching module includes at least one optical switch having a bypass configuration and a branch connecting configuration. In the bypass configuration, a connection via the branch optical path to a distal portion of the third cable is bypassed. In the branch connecting configuration, the branch optical path is enabled so that the pre-determined range of wavelengths that are input to the branching unit are routed to the optical fiber of the distal portion of the third cable.
1. An optical communications apparatus comprising:
a branching unit configured to be connected to first, second, and third optical cables, each of the first, second, and third optical cables comprising at least one optical fiber, the branching unit comprising a branch optical path configured to provide a first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable; and
a switching module comprising at least one optical switch, the at least one optical switch having:
a bypass configuration in which a connection via the branch optical path to a distal portion of the third optical cable is bypassed so that all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable are routed to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable without first being routed through the connection to the distal portion of the third optical cable; and
a branch connecting configuration in which the branch optical path is enabled so that the first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable is routed to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
wherein the branching unit further comprises:
a first optical coupler configured to provide the first portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the branch optical path; and
a second optical coupler configured to receive, from the first optical coupler, a second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable;
the second optical coupler also configured to combine (i) the second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable and (ii) signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
the second optical coupler further configured to output the combined signal wavelengths to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the branching unit comprises the switching module; and
the at least one optical switch is configure to bypass the entire third optical cable.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the switching module is remote from the branching unit;
a proximal portion of the third optical cable connects the switching module to the branching unit; and
the switching module comprises the connection to the distal portion of the third optical cable.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one optical switch comprises a wavelength-insensitive optical switch.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second optical coupler is configured to output three distinct ranges of wavelengths to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable, the three distinct ranges of wavelengths comprising:
a first range of wavelengths used for communications between a first location coupled to the first optical cable and a second location coupled to the second optical cable;
a second range of wavelengths used for communications between the first location coupled to the first optical cable and a third location coupled to the third optical cable; and
a third range of wavelengths used for communications between the second location coupled to the second optical cable and the third location coupled to the third optical cable.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the branching unit comprises a broadcast branching unit.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the switching module comprises a bypass optical path; and
the at least one optical switch comprises:
a first optical switch configured to divert signals from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the bypass optical path; and
a second optical switch configured to add signals from the bypass optical path to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the switching module comprises an electrical detector configured to detect an electrical signal from the third optical cable; and
the switching module is responsive to the electrical detector.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the switching module comprises an optical detector configured to detect an optical signal from the third optical cable; and
the switching module is responsive to the optical detector.
10. A method comprising:
operating an optical communications apparatus that comprises a branching unit and a switching module, wherein:
the branching unit is configured to be connected to first, second, and third optical cables, each of the first, second, and third optical cables comprising at least one optical fiber, the branching unit comprising a branch optical path configured to provide a first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
the switching module comprises at least one optical switch;
the at least one optical switch has:
a bypass configuration in which a connection via the branch optical path to a distal portion of the third optical cable is bypassed so that all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable are routed to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable without first being routed through the connection to the distal portion of the third optical cable; and
a branch connecting configuration in which the branch optical path is enabled so that the first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable is routed to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
the branching unit further comprises:
a first optical coupler configured to provide the first portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the branch optical path; and
a second optical coupler configured to receive, from the first optical coupler, a second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable;
the second optical coupler also configured to combine (i) the second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable and (ii) signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
the second optical coupler further configured to output the combined signal wavelengths to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable; and
isolating a portion of a branch connection from the branching unit, wherein the branch connection comprises the third optical cable.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
detecting a break in the distal portion of the third optical cable; and
operating the switching module to bypass the distal portion of the third optical cable.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein operating the switching module to bypass the distal portion of the third optical cable comprises transmitting loading channels from the branch optical path to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the branch connection further comprises an add/drop box configured to connect the distal portion of the third optical cable to a proximal portion of the third optical cable; and
the switching module is maintained in the bypass configuration before connecting the distal portion of the third optical cable to the add/drop box.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
changing the configuration of the switching module after connection of the distal portion of the third optical cable so as to connect the distal portion of the third optical cable to the proximal portion of the third optical cable.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the branching unit comprises a submarine branching unit;
the second and third optical cables are configured to provide alternative landings from the branching unit to an on-shore location; and
the switching module is configured to control which of the second and third optical cables is used to land a specified signal received by the branching unit to the on-shore location.
16. A method comprising:
connecting a branching unit to first, second, and third optical cables, each of the first, second, and third optical cables comprising at least one optical fiber, the branching unit comprising a branch optical path configured to provide a first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable; and
providing a switching module comprising at least one optical switch, the at least one optical switch having:
a bypass configuration in which a connection via the branch optical path to a distal portion of the third optical cable is bypassed so that all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable are routed to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable without first being routed through the connection to the distal portion of the third optical cable; and
a branch connecting configuration in which the branch optical path is enabled so that the first portion of all signal wavelengths that are input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable is routed to the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
wherein the branching unit further comprises:
a first optical coupler configured to provide the first portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable to the branch optical path; and
a second optical coupler configured to receive, from the first optical coupler, a second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable;
the second optical coupler also configured to combine (i) the second portion of all signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the first optical cable and (ii) signal wavelengths input to the branching unit from the at least one optical fiber of the third optical cable;
the second optical coupler further configured to output the combined signal wavelengths to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the switching module is configured to operate in the bypass configuration to bypass the distal portion of the third optical cable in response to a break in the distal portion of the third optical cable.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the switching module is configured to bypass the distal portion of the third optical cable by transmitting loading channels from the branch optical path to the at least one optical fiber of the second optical cable.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
a branch connection comprises the third optical cable and an add/drop box configured to connect the distal portion of the third optical cable to a proximal portion of the third optical cable; and
the switching module is configured to be maintained in the bypass configuration before connecting the distal portion of the third optical cable to the add/drop box.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the switching module is configured to be changed to the branch connecting configuration after connection of the distal portion of the third optical cable so as to connect the distal portion of the third optical cable to the proximal portion of the third optical cable.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the branching unit comprises a submarine branching unit;
the second and third optical cables are configured to provide alternative landings from the branching unit to an on-shore location; and
the switching module is configured to control which of the second and third optical cables is used to land a specified signal received by the branching unit to the on-shore location.