APPARATUS FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS
Apparatus ( 1 ) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects ( 2 ) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material ( 3 ) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam ( 4 ), with an irradiation device ( 5 ) configured to generate the energy beam ( 4 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) propagates along an optical beam path ( 6 ) of the energy beam ( 4 ) onto a build plane ( 7 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) irradiates build material ( 3 ) in at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ), wherein a detection device ( 11 ) is provided that is configured to detect radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from at least one adjacent zone ( 9, 10 ) adjacent to the consolidation zone ( 8 ) or radiation ( 12 a ) emitted from the consolidation zone ( 8 ) and radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from the adjacent zone ( 9, 10 ).
1 . Apparatus ( 1 ) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects ( 2 ) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material ( 3 ) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam ( 4 ), with an irradiation device ( 5 ) configured to generate the energy beam ( 4 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) propagates along an optical beam path ( 6 ) of the energy beam ( 4 ) onto a build plane ( 7 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) irradiates build material ( 3 ) in at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ), characterized by a detection device ( 11 ) configured to detect radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) adjacent to the consolidation zone ( 8 ) or radiation ( 12 a ) emitted from the consolidation zone ( 8 ) and radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from the adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ).
2 . Apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that an optical beam path ( 12 ) the detected radiation travels is different from the optical beam path ( 6 ) the energy beam ( 4 ) travels.
3 . Apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the detection device ( 11 ) is configured to detect a temperature of at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) and/or to determine a temperature gradient between at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ).
4 . Apparatus according to claim 3 , characterized by a control unit ( 17 ) configured to adjust or set at least one process parameter dependent on the detected temperature and/or the determined temperature gradient.
5 . Apparatus according to claim 4 , characterized in that the control unit ( 17 ) is configured to control, in particular to reduce, the temperature in at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or to control, in particular to increase, the temperature in at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) and/or to reduce the temperature gradient between at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) dependent on the detected temperature and/or the determined temperature gradient, in particular exceeding a predefined threshold value.
6 . Apparatus according to claim 4 , characterized in that the control unit ( 17 ) is configured to control the temperature and/or the temperature gradient dependent on an ambient parameter and/or a path velocity of the energy beam ( 4 ) and/or a condition of the build material ( 3 ).
7 . Apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized by a data storage configured to store at least one parameter, in particular a temperature and/or a temperature gradient.
8 . Apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized by a scanning unit ( 13 ) configured to deflect the radiation ( 12 a, 12 b ) that is emitted from the at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or the at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) to the detection device ( 11 ).
9 . Apparatus according to claim 8 , characterized in that the scanning unit ( 13 ) is synchronized with the irradiation device ( 5 ), in particular with at least one beam deflection unit of the irradiation device ( 5 ) configured to guide the energy beam ( 4 ) over the build plane ( 7 ), in that the at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or the at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) is imaged onto a measuring unit ( 14 ) of the detection device ( 11 ).
10 . Apparatus according to claim 9 , characterized in that the detection device ( 11 ) comprises at least one optical element ( 16 ), in particular an apochromat, configured to image the at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or the at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) onto the measuring unit.
11 . Apparatus according to claim 9 , characterized in that the measuring unit ( 14 ) comprises at least one camera, preferably a pyrometer camera, in particular a ratio pyrometer camera.
12 . Apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized by a protective glass ( 15 ) arranged between the build plane ( 7 ) and the detection device ( 11 ), wherein a transmittance spectrum of the protective glass ( 15 ) ranges from 170 nm to 5000 nm, preferably from 400 nm-2000 nm.
13 . Detection device ( 11 ), in particular for an apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the detection device ( 11 ) is configured to detect radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) adjacent to the consolidation zone ( 8 ) or radiation ( 12 a ) emitted from the consolidation zone ( 8 ) and radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from the adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ).
14 . Protective glass ( 15 ) for an apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the protective glass ( 15 ) arrangable between a build plane ( 7 ) and a detection device ( 11 ), wherein a transmittance spectrum of the protective glass ( 15 ) ranges from 170 nm to 5000 nm, preferably from 400 nm-2000 nm.
15 . Method for operating at least one apparatus ( 1 ), in particular an apparatus according to claim 1 , for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects ( 2 ) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material ( 3 ) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam ( 4 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) propagates along an energy beam ( 4 ) path onto a build plane ( 7 ), wherein the energy beam ( 4 ) irradiates build material ( 3 ) in at least one consolidation, characterized in that radiation ( 12 b) emitted from at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) adjacent to the consolidation zone ( 8 ) or radiation ( 12 a ) emitted from the consolidation zone ( 8 ) and radiation ( 12 b ) emitted from the adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) is detected.
16 . Method according to claim 15 , characterized by the following steps:
Detection of radiation ( 12 ) that is emitted from at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) that is directly irradiated by the energy beam ( 4 ) and at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) that is not directly irradiated by the energy beam ( 4 )
Detection of a temperature of the at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 ) and/or determination of a temperature gradient between at least one consolidation zone ( 8 ) and/or at least one adjacent zone ( 9 , 10 )
Control of at least one process parameter dependent on the detected temperature and/or the determined temperature gradient