Electric motor having an integrated cooling system and methods of cooling an electric motor
The present disclosure pertains to electric machines such as electric propulsion systems for aircraft that integrated cooling systems, and methods of cooling such an electric machine. Exemplary electric machines include an electric motor that has a stator, a rotor, and a drive shaft operably coupled to the rotor. Exemplary electric machines further include a motor cooling conduit that defines a pathway for conveying a cooling fluid through or around at least a portion of the electric motor, a casing assembly that circumferentially surrounds at least a portion of the electric motor, a casing assembly conduit integrally formed within at least a portion of the casing assembly which defines a pathway for conveying the cooling fluid through the at least a portion of the casing assembly, and a pump or compressor operably coupled to the drive shaft and configured to circulate the cooling fluid through the motor cooling conduit and the casing assembly conduit.
1. An electric machine having an integrated cooling system, the electric machine comprising:
an electric motor comprising a stator, a rotor, and a drive shaft operably coupled to the rotor;
a motor cooling conduit that defines a pathway for conveying a cooling fluid through or around at least a portion of the electric motor, the motor cooling conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with the at least a portion of the electric motor;
a casing assembly comprising a casing assembly conduit integrally formed within at least a portion of the casing assembly, the casing assembly conduit defining a pathway for conveying the cooling fluid through the at least a portion of the casing assembly, the casing assembly circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the electric motor, and the casing assembly conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with an external surface of the casing assembly; and
a pump or compressor operably coupled to the drive shaft, the pump or compressor being operably configured to circulate the cooling fluid through the motor cooling conduit and the casing assembly conduit,
wherein, during operation, airflow passes over the external surface of the casing assembly, thereby transferring heat to the airflow from the cooling fluid circulating through the casing assembly conduit by the thermally conductive relationship with the external surface of the casing assembly.
2. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the casing assembly comprises a motor casing, with at least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within at least a portion of the motor casing.
3. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the casing assembly comprises a nacelle, with at least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within at least a portion of the nacelle.
4. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the casing assembly comprises an annular casing and a plurality of support members circumferentially supporting the annular casing, with at least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within one or more of the plurality of support members.
5. The electric machine of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of support members comprise fan outlet guide vanes and/or struts.
6. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the casing assembly comprises a motor casing, a nacelle, and a plurality of fan outlet guide vanes circumferentially supporting the nacelle about the motor casing, with at least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within at least a portion of the motor casing, at least a portion of the nacelle, and/or at least a portion of one or more of the plurality of fan outlet guide vanes.
7. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein during operation, cooling fluid circulates through the motor cooling conduit, thereby transferring heat from the electric motor to the cooling fluid by the thermally conductive relationship with the at least a portion of the electric motor.
8. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein during operation, heat transfers from the electric motor to the cooling fluid by evaporation of at least a portion of the cooling fluid circulating through the motor cooling conduit, at least a portion of the cooling fluid entering the motor cooling conduit as a liquid.
9. The electric machine of claim 1 , comprising a fan or a propeller operably coupled to the drive shaft.
10. The electric machine of claim 1 , wherein during operation, heat transfers from the cooling fluid to airflow passing over the external surface of the casing assembly by condensation of at least a portion of the cooling fluid circulating through the casing assembly conduit, at least a portion of the cooling fluid entering the casing assembly conduit as a vapor.
11. The electric machine of claim 1 , further comprising an expansion valve in fluid communication with an aspect of the fluid pathway located between the casing assembly conduit and the motor cooling conduit, the expansion valve configured to impart a liquid-to-vapor phase change to at least a portion of the cooling fluid flowing from the casing assembly conduit.
12. An electric propulsion system for an aircraft, the system comprising:
an electric motor comprising a stator, a rotor, and a drive shaft operably coupled to the rotor;
a motor cooling conduit that defines a pathway for conveying a cooling fluid through or around at least a portion of the electric motor, the motor cooling conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with the at least a portion of the electric motor;
a fan or propeller operably coupled to the drive shaft;
a casing assembly that circumferentially surrounds at least a portion of the electric motor, the casing assembly comprising:
a motor casing;
a nacelle;
a plurality of support members circumferentially supporting the nacelle about the motor casing; and
a casing assembly conduit integrally formed within at least a portion of the casing assembly, the casing assembly conduit defining a pathway for conveying the cooling fluid through the at least a portion of the casing assembly, and the casing assembly conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with an external surface of the casing assembly; and
a pump or compressor operably coupled to the drive shaft, the pump or compressor being operably configured to circulate cooling fluid through the motor cooling conduit and the casing assembly conduit.
13. The electric propulsion system of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of support members comprise fan outlet guide vanes and/or struts.
14. The electric propulsion system of claim 12 , comprising least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within at least a portion of the motor casing, at least a portion of the nacelle, and/or at least a portion of one or more of the plurality of support members.
15. The electric propulsion system of claim 12 , further comprising a fan or a propeller operably coupled to the drive shaft.
16. A method of cooling an electric machine used for propulsion of an aircraft, the method comprising:
circulating a cooling fluid through a motor cooling conduit that defines a pathway for conveying a cooling fluid through or around at least a portion of an electric motor, the motor cooling conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with the at least a portion of an electric motor, the electric motor comprising a stator and a rotor;
transferring heat from the electric motor to the cooling fluid circulating through the motor cooling conduit by the thermally conductive relationship with the at least a portion of the electric motor;
circulating the cooling fluid through a casing assembly conduit integrally formed within at least a portion of a casing assembly, the casing assembly conduit defining a pathway for conveying the cooling fluid through the at least a portion of the casing assembly, the casing assembly circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the electric motor, and the casing assembly conduit having a thermally conductive relationship with an external surface of the casing assembly;
transferring heat from the cooling fluid circulating through the casing assembly conduit to airflow passing over the external surface of the casing assembly by the thermally conductive relationship with the external surface of the casing assembly;
wherein the cooling fluid is circulated through the motor cooling conduit and the casing assembly conduit at least in part by a pump or a compressor operably coupled to a drive shaft, the drive shaft operably coupled to the rotor of the electric motor.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising accelerating the airflow passing over the external surface of the casing assembly at least in part by a fan or a propeller operably coupled to a driveshaft.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the casing assembly comprises:
a motor casing;
a nacelle; and
a plurality of support members circumferentially supporting the nacelle about the motor casing; and
at least a portion of the casing assembly conduit being integrally formed within at least a portion of the motor casing, at least a portion of the nacelle, and/or at least a portion of one or more of the plurality of support members.
19. The method of claim 16 , comprising:
transferring heat from the electric motor to the cooling fluid by evaporation of at least a portion of the cooling fluid circulating through the motor cooling conduit, at least a portion of the cooling fluid entering the motor cooling conduit as a liquid; and/or
transferring heat from the cooling fluid to airflow passing over the external surface of the casing assembly by condensation of at least a portion of the cooling fluid circulating through the casing assembly conduit, at least a portion of the cooling fluid entering the casing assembly conduit as a vapor.