C5-substituted carbapenem antibiotics, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use in treatment of
The present invention includes a composition, method of making and method of using a novel C5-substituted carbapenem antibiotic of formula 1: R 1 is H or CH 3 R 2 is not H, and is CH 3 , or C1-C6 straight chain, or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, or unsaturated alkenyl, including C═CH 2 ; R 3 is H, CH 3 , or a C1-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and R 4 is a C1 to C6 alkyl, or substituted alkyl group, especially including substituents which possess positive charge, or a hydroxyl group; or R 4 is an SR a , where R a is an unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, a substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a functional group that is positively charged, or which bears a positive charge when in aqueous solution at pH 7; or R 4 is a CH 2 OR b , where R b =C1 to C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a heteroaryl groups.
1. A compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising:
R 1 is H or CH 3
R 2 is not H, and is CH 3 , or C1-C6 straight chain, or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, or unsaturated alkenyl, or C═CH 2 ;
R 3 is H, CH 3 , or a C1-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and
R 4 is a C1 to C6 alkyl, or substituted alkyl group, or substituents which possess positive charge, or a hydroxyl group; or
R 4 is an SR a , where R a is an unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group; or
R 4 is a CH 2 OR b , where R b =C1 to C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl groups.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is (CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 or (CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 .
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R a is a substituted pyrrolidine.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein a —CO 2 M is attached to the carbapenem nucleus at position 3, wherein M is H in a carboxylic acid group, M is a negative charge of a carboxylate anion, M is an ester forming group of a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, or M is a carboxyl protecting group of a carboxylic acid.
5. The compound of claim 4 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is —COOM, where M is a negative charge and is balanced by a counterion.
6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein the counterion is an alkali metal cation selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, ammonium, alkylammonium cations, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, choline, triethylhydroammonium, or meglumine, triethanolhydroammonium.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, or undecanoate.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises a biolabile ester group.
9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein the biolabile ester group is selected from at least one of pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, phthalidyl, indanyl, or methoxymethyl.
10. The compound of claim 4 , wherein M is selected from an alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, cycloalkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, alkenylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl or alkylthioaryl group, or the groups can be substituted in the alkyl or aryl portions thereof with acyl or halo groups, or acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, 1-acetoxypropyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, 1-isopropyloxycarbonyloxyethyl, 1-cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxyethyl, phthalidyl, or (2-oxo-5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is further combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid or avibactam, or a boronic acid based beta-lactamase inhibitor.
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the formula:
13. An antibiotic compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising:
R 1 is H or CH 3
R 2 is not H, and is CH 3 , or C1-C6 straight chain, or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, or unsaturated alkenyl, or C═CH 2 ;
R 3 is H, CH 3 , or a C1-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and
R 4 is a C1 to C6 alkyl, or substituted alkyl group, or substituents which possess positive charge, or a hydroxyl group; or
R 4 is an SR a , where R a is an unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group; or
R 4 is a CH 2 OR b , where R b =C1 to C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl groups; and
one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
14. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein R 3 is (CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 or (CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 .
15. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein R a is a substituted pyrrolidine.
16. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein a —CO 2 M is attached to the carbapenem nucleus at position 3, wherein M is H in a carboxylic acid group, M is a negative charge of a carboxylate anion, M is an ester forming group of a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, or M is a carboxyl protecting group of a carboxylic acid.
17. The antibiotic of claim 16 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is —COOM, where M is a negative charge and is balanced by a counterion.
18. The antibiotic of claim 17 , wherein the counterion is an alkali metal cation selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, ammonium, alkylammonium cations, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, choline, triethylhydroammonium, or meglumine, triethanolhydroammonium.
19. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, or undecanoate.
20. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the compound comprises a biolabile ester group. pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, phthalidyl, indanyl and methoxymethyl.
21. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the biolabile ester group is selected from at least one of pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, phthalidyl, indanyl, or methoxymethyl.
22. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein M is selected from an alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, cycloalkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, alkenylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl or alkylthioaryl group, or the groups can be substituted in the alkyl or aryl portions thereof with acyl or halo groups, or acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, 1-acetoxypropyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, 1-isopropyloxycarbonyloxyethyl, 1-cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxyethyl, phthalidyl, or (2-oxo-5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl.
23. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the antibiotic and the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are formulated for oral, subcutaneous, topical, pulmonary, nasal, intraalveolar, parenteral, intravenous, peritoneal, or intramuscular administration.
24. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the antibiotic is further combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid or avibactam, or a boronic acid based beta-lactamase inhibitor.
25. The antibiotic of claim 13 , wherein the compound has the formula:
26. A method of making any one of compounds 1 to 11 comprising:
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the molecule has the formula 1
R 1 is H or CH 3
R 2 is not H, and is CH 3 , or C1-C6 straight chain, or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, or unsaturated alkenyl, or C═CH 2 ;
R 3 is H, CH 3 , or a C1-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and
R 4 is a C1 to C6 alkyl, or substituted alkyl group, or substituents which possess positive charge, or a hydroxyl group; or
R 4 is an SR a , where R a is an unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group; or
R 4 is a CH 2 OR b , where R b =C1 to C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl groups.
28. A method of treating a mycobacterial infection in a subject comprising:
contacting a mycobacteria with an effective amount of a compound of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising:
R 1 is H or CH 3
R 2 is not H, and is CH 3 , or C1-C6 straight chain, or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, or unsaturated alkenyl, or C═CH 2 ;
R 3 is H, CH 3 , or a C1-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl group, or a heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and
R 4 is a C1 to C6 alkyl, or substituted alkyl group, or substituents which possess positive charge, or a hydroxyl group; or
R 4 is an SR a , where R a is an unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group; or
R 4 is a CH 2 OR b , where R b =C1 to C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl groups; and
wherein the compound inhibits the growth of the bacterium in the subject.
29. The method of claim 28 , further comprising adding a beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid or avibactam, or a boronic acid based beta-lactamase inhibitor.