SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING CANCER TREATMENTS FROM NORMALIZED BIOMARKER SCORES

1 . A system, comprising:

at least one computer hardware processor;

at least one database that stores biomarker information; and

at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one computer hardware processor, cause the at least one computer hardware processor to perform:

obtaining sequencing data about at least one biological sample of a subject;

accessing, in the at least one database, biomarker information indicating a distribution of values for each biomarker, across a respective group of people, in at least a reference subset of the plurality of biomarkers, each of the plurality of biomarkers being associated with at least one candidate therapy;

determining, using the sequencing data and the biomarker information, a normalized score for each biomarker in at least a subject subset of the plurality of biomarkers to obtain a set of normalized biomarkers for the subject;

identifying the subject as a member of one or more cohorts based on the set of normalized biomarker scores for the subject, wherein each of the one or more cohorts is associated with a positive or negative outcome of the at least one candidate therapy; and

outputting an indication of the one or more cohorts in which the subject is a member.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one candidate therapy is associated with a clinical trial, optionally wherein the clinical trial is ongoing or the clinical trial is recruiting.

3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the positive outcome is an improvement in one or more aspects of a cancer or in one or more cancer symptoms.

4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the improvement in one or more aspects of a cancer or one or more cancer symptoms is selected from the group consisting of: decrease in tumor size, decrease in tumor number, decrease in number or percentage of cancerous cells in the body of the subject, and slowing of cancer growth.

5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the negative outcome is a cancer therapy-related adverse effect, an deterioration in one or more aspects of a cancer, or a deterioration in one or more cancer symptoms.

6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the cancer therapy-related adverse effect is selected from: cutaneous toxicity, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, immune-related toxicity, and death.

7 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the deterioration in one or more aspects of a cancer or one or more cancer symptoms is selected from the group consisting of: increase in tumor size, increase in tumor number, increase in number or percentage of cancerous cells in the body of the subject, no slowing of cancer growth, and death.

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sequencing data is one or more of: DNA sequencing data, RNA sequencing data, or proteome sequencing data.

9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sequencing data is obtained using one or more of the following techniques: whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), whole transcriptome sequencing, mRNA sequencing, DNA/RNA-hybridization, microarray, DNA/RNA chip, PCR, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.

10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is from a tumor or tissue known or suspected of having cancerous cells.

11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one biological samples is a bodily fluid, a cell sample, a liquid biopsy, or a tissue biopsy.

12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the at least one processor to perform:

generating a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising:

a first portion associated with the at least one candidate therapy, the first portion including a first plurality of GUI elements, each of the first plurality of GUI elements being associated with a respective biomarker in the plurality of biomarkers and having at least one visual characteristic determined based on a difference score of the respective biomarker; and

displaying the generated GUI.

13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the at least one visual characteristic comprises color of a GUI element and/or size of the GUI element.

14 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the at least one processor to perform:

in response to receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of the at least one candidate therapy, presenting, via the GUI, information about at least one biomarker with which at least one of the first plurality of GUI elements is associated.

15 . At least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one computer hardware processor, cause the at least one computer hardware processor to perform:

obtaining sequencing data about at least one biological sample of a subject;

accessing, in at least one database, biomarker information indicating a distribution of values for each biomarker, across a respective group of people, in at least a reference subset of the plurality of biomarkers, each of the plurality of biomarkers being associated with at least one candidate therapy;

determining, using the sequencing data and the biomarker information, a normalized score for each biomarker in at least a subject subset of the plurality of biomarkers to obtain a set of normalized biomarkers for the subject;

identifying the subject as a member of one or more cohorts based on the set of normalized biomarker scores for the subject, wherein each of the one or more cohorts is associated with a positive or negative outcome of the at least one candidate therapy; and

outputting an indication of the one or more cohorts in which the subject is a member.

16 . The at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the at least one candidate therapy is associated with a clinical trial, optionally wherein the clinical trial is ongoing or the clinical trial is recruiting.

17 . The at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the positive outcome is an improvement in one or more aspects of a cancer or in one or more cancer symptoms.

18 . A method comprising:

using at least one computer hardware processor to perform:

obtaining sequencing data about at least one biological sample of a subject;

accessing, in at least one database, biomarker information indicating a distribution of values for each biomarker, across a respective group of people, in at least a reference subset of the plurality of biomarkers, each of the plurality of biomarkers being associated with at least one candidate therapy;

determining, using the sequencing data and the biomarker information, a normalized score for each biomarker in at least a subject subset of the plurality of biomarkers to obtain a set of normalized biomarkers for the subject;

identifying the subject as a member of one or more cohorts based on the set of normalized biomarker scores for the subject, wherein each of the one or more cohorts is associated with a positive or negative outcome of the at least one candidate therapy; and

outputting an indication of the one or more cohorts in which the subject is a member.

19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one candidate therapy is associated with a clinical trial, optionally wherein the clinical trial is ongoing or the clinical trial is recruiting.

20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the positive outcome is an improvement in one or more aspects of a cancer or in one or more cancer symptoms.