Controlled crystallization of glass ceramics for electronic devices
Methods are disclosed directed to a controlled crystallization (ceramic particle growth) of a shaped glass ceramic workpiece. The physical and chemical properties of the shaped glass ceramic of the present invention may be specified or tailored by shaping or machining the workpiece during or in combination with a controlled crystallization process that nucleates (precipitates) ceramic particles from a glass material. For example, in one embodiment, a non-crystalline amorphous solid may be heated above a transition temperature and shaped (e.g., molded, pressed, or the like). Ceramic particles may be precipitated within the solid during at least one of the heating or the shaping, thereby forming a shaped glass ceramic.
1. A method for forming a shaped glass ceramic, comprising:
growing a ceramic crystalline structure to a first size, the ceramic crystalline structure grown within a glass workpiece;
after growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size, mechanically shaping the glass workpiece; and
while mechanically shaping the glass workpiece, growing the ceramic crystalline structure to a second size that is larger than the first size.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the second size further comprises controlling a rate of thermal energy received by the glass workpiece while mechanically shaping the glass workpiece; and
controlling the rate of thermal energy increases an average density of the ceramic crystalline structure.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
the glass workpiece includes a nucleation agent; and
the rate of thermal energy is based on a concentration of the nucleation agent within the glass workpiece.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises cooling the glass workpiece after mechanically shaping the glass workpiece to limit growth of the ceramic crystalline structure to the second size.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass workpiece having the ceramic crystalline structure of the second size exhibits an enhanced resistance to impact with respect to the glass workpiece having the ceramic crystalline structure of the first size.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
mechanically shaping occurs at a first temperature that is above a transition temperature of the glass workpiece; and
growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the second size occurs at a second temperature that is either above or below the transition temperature.
7. A method for forming a shaped glass ceramic cover that defines an external surface for an electronic device, the method comprising:
growing a ceramic crystalline structure to a first size, the ceramic crystalline structure grown within a glass workpiece;
after growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size, mechanically shaping the glass workpiece; and
while mechanically shaping the glass workpiece, growing the ceramic crystalline structure to a second size that is larger than the first size, thereby forming the shaped glass ceramic cover.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cover is a light-transmissive member defining a contoured exterior surface of the electronic device.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size, the glass workpiece is a substantially non-crystalline amorphous solid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the operation of growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size comprises growing multiple ceramic crystalline structures to the first size; and
the operation of mechanically shaping the workpiece further comprises increasing an average density of the multiple ceramic crystalline structures.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the shaped glass ceramic cover is translucent.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the shaped glass ceramic cover is transparent.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ceramic crystalline structure comprises a mixture of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and at least one of: lithium oxide; magnesium oxide; or zinc oxide.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the shaped glass ceramic cover comprises ceramic crystalline structures within a glass material.
15. A method for forming a shaped glass ceramic part, comprising:
providing a workpiece comprising a glass material;
growing a ceramic crystalline structure to a first size, the ceramic crystalline structure grown from the glass material of the workpiece;
after growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size, mechanically shaping the workpiece; and
while mechanically shaping the workpiece, growing the ceramic crystalline structure to a second size that is larger than the first size, thereby forming the shaped glass ceramic part.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein, during the operation of growing the ceramic crystalline structure to the first size, the workpiece is at a first temperature above a nucleation temperature of the glass material.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein, during the operation of mechanically shaping the workpiece, the workpiece is at a second temperature below a melting temperature of the glass material.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the second temperature is above a working temperature of the glass material.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the glass material comprises a mixture of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and at least one of: lithium oxide; magnesium oxide; or zinc oxide.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the operation of mechanically shaping the workpiece comprises conforming the workpiece to a contoured shape of a mold.