Programmable polymer caffeine extraction
The invention relates to a caffeine-templated MIP copolymer matrix and devices employing these polymers that exhibit high absorbance or binding capacity for caffeine while retaining rapid caffeine uptake kinetics, and which function in both cold and hot aqueous environments to selectively remove caffeine from a beverage with a high selectivity factor in order to better preserve the sensory aspects of the decaffeinated beverage, and which can easily be used by a typical consumer to treat their beverage within a short time frame of less than about one minute. More specifically, the invention relates to copolymeric MIP matrices produced according to methods wherein the template to polymer ratio is dramatically increased in order to raise the affinity of the resulting MIP materials, and hyper-crosslinked MIP matrices produced using higher amounts of crosslinking agents to produce high affinity copolymer matrices that better maintain a high degree of selectivity towards caffeine while minimizing the uptake of congeners to better maintain the sensory characteristics of the decaffeinated beverages. The invention further relates to manual and mechanical devices employing the inventive MIP matrices in a variety of physical forms and configurations that enable a user to decaffeinate a beverage manually or automatically within one minute or less, or select a level of decaffeination by controlling the exposure time to said devices.
1. A method for decaffeination of a serving-sized volume of a caffeinated beverage comprising:
(a) selecting a caffeinated beverage;
(b) partially submerging a single use device in said beverage for a time period of less than or equal to one minute; and
(c) removing said device from said beverage within said time period; wherein said single use device comprises:
(i) a treatment means having a handle connected at its lower end to an upper end of an outer housing, a containment housing, and a plurality of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles; wherein said outer housing is adjacent to and surrounds said containment housing; and wherein said containment housing surrounds said plurality of MIP particles; wherein said treatment means is placed into a liquid beverage by means of said handle means; an upper region of said handle means being manipulable by hand; wherein said plurality of MIP particles comprise a molecularly imprinted copolymer of divinylbenzene monomer and methylmethacrylic acid having a respective molar ratio of between 80:20 and 95:5; wherein said MIP particles are capable of absorbing at least 25 milligrams of molecular caffeine per gram within 60 seconds of submersion within said caffeinated beverage; wherein said MIP particles are formed as a three dimensional polymer matrix in the presence of a target imprinted entity dispersed in a solvent carrier wherein said target imprinted entity is molecular caffeine; and wherein said serving-sized volume is a volume of liquid between 100 to 300 milliliters.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said plurality of molecularly imprinted polymer particles are present in a pre-hydrated form within said single use device to improve wettability by said beverage during said partial submersion step.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said plurality of molecularly imprinted polymer particles are pre-hydrated to a free moisture level of between 1 and 75 weight % water.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said free moisture level is between 5 to 50 weight % water.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein said three dimensional polymer matrix is dried in a first step, then ground in a second step to produce a plurality of molecularly imprinted polymer particles; and then in a third step said plurality of molecularly imprinted polymer particles are pre-hydrated with water to a free moisture level of between 1 and 75 weight % water.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said free moisture level is between 5 to 50 weight % water.