Antimicrobial guanidinium macromolecules with bacteria targeting moieties
Compositions and methods regarding antimicrobial guanidinium macromolecules with one or more targeting moieties for selectively targeting bacteria are provided. According to an embodiment, an antimicrobial macromolecule is provided that comprises a polymer backbone and one or more guanidinium moieties that extend from the polymer backbone. The antimicrobial macromolecule further comprises a targeting moiety that extends from the polymer backbone. The targeting moiety can comprise a substance favored for consumption by bacteria, such as a monosaccharide.
1. An antimicrobial polymer comprising a structure characterized by Structure I:
wherein R comprises a single unit of a monosaccharide moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose and galactose,
wherein n comprises an integer greater than or equal to one and less than or equal to one thousand, and
wherein X comprises a spacer group selected from a group consisting of: a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
2. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer is more effective at killing Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria relative to a version of the antimicrobial polymer with the R group removed.
3. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer is effective at killing multi-drug resistant bacteria selected from a group consisting of: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer exhibits low toxicity in mammalian cells demonstrated by a red blood cell viability level greater than 95% at an effective dose.
5. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer is attributed to no development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance over at least 20 passages.
6. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 2 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer provides greater selectivity towards the Gram-positive bacteria and the Gram-negative bacteria relative to the version of the antimicrobial polymer without the R group.
7. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 2 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer provides lower toxicity towards mammalian cells relative to the version of the antimicrobial polymer without the R group.
8. The antimicrobial polymer of claim 2 , wherein the antimicrobial polymer is attributed with reduced antimicrobial resistance development relative to the version of the antimicrobial polymer without the R group.