Compositions and methods for producing calcined coke from biorenewable sources
Disclosed are methods of producing calcined coke from bio-oil from a biomass feedstock. Also disclosed are calcined cokes produced by such methods having desirable structural characteristics.
1. A method of producing calcined coke from a bio-oil derived from a biomass feedstock, the method comprising: (a) subjecting the bio-oil to atmospheric distillation in a batch or continuous distillation unit to produce a bio-oil distillation residue; (b) subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to a temperature and a time sufficient for carbonaceous domains to align and crystallize to produce a calcination-ready coke product; (c) optionally further densifying the carbonaceous domains at up to about 400° C. of the calcination-ready coke product; and (d) calcining the calcination-ready coke product to produce an anisotropic coke product; wherein the method does not include a vacuum distillation step.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-oil is made using a fast pyrolysis tail-gas reactive process.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atmospheric distillation occurs at a temperature less than about 200° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sufficient for carbonaceous domains to align and crystallize is from about 150° C. to about 400° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to a temperature from about 200° C. to about 350° C. while the bio-oil distillation residue is in a molten fluid state.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to a temperature from about 200° C. to about 350° C. for the time sufficient for carbonaceous domains to align and crystallize comprises a time ranging from about 5 min to about 60 min.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to the temperature and the time sufficient for carbonaceous domains to align and crystallize further comprises subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to a temperature increase at a rate from about 5° C./min to about 50° C./min until a temperature of about 200° C. to about 350° C. is attained.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to the temperature and the time sufficient for carbonaceous domains to align and crystallize further comprises subjecting the bio-oil distillation residue to a temperature increase at a rate from about 5° C./min to about 50° C./min until a temperature of about 200° C. to about 350° C. is attained.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising devolatilizing the calcination-ready coke product.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein devolatilizing the calcination-ready coke product comprises subjecting the calcination-ready coke product to a temperature in a range from about 900° C. to about 1,500° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein calcining the calcination-ready coke product to produce the anisotropic coke product comprises heating the calcination-ready coke product over a gradual period of time ranging from about 5 min to about 3 hours to a temperature range from about 1,000° C. to about 1,350° C.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock is selected from the group consisting of: lignocellulosic materials, animal waste products, animal waste by-products, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein further densifying the carbonaceous domains at up to about 400° C. to produce a calcination-ready coke product further comprises a time ranging from about 5 min to about 60 min.
14. An anisotropic coke product produced using the method of claim 1 .
15. A composition comprising an anisotropic calcined coke product having a resistivity value less than about 400 μΩ-m, wherein the calcined coke product is derived in the absence of vacuum distillation from at least one biomass feedstock, and wherein the calcined coke product is optionally combined with at least one petroleum-derived coke.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the calcined coke product has a sulfur content less than about 500 ppm.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the calcined coke product has a vanadium content of less than about 200 ppm.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the calcined coke product has a nickel content of less than about 200 ppm.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the calcined coke product has an ash content less than about 1.1%.
20. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the calcined coke product comprises greater than about 96% carbon and possessing one or more characteristics of calcined petroleum coke and/or mesophase pitch.
21. The calcined coke product of claim 15 , wherein the at least one biomass feedstock selected from the group consisting of: willow; guayule; switchgrass; red pine; hardwood; woody biomass; and combinations thereof.
22. The calcined biocoke product of claim 15 , further comprising an anisotropic sponge texture.
23. The calcined coke product of claim 15 , further comprising an anisotropic needle texture.
24. The calcined coke product of claim 15 , wherein the resistivity value is from about 140 μΩ-m to about 400 μΩ-m.
25. The calcined coke product of claim 15 , wherein the resistivity value is from about 141 μΩ-m to about 366 μΩ-m.
26. A composition comprising an isotropic calcined coke product having a resistivity value less than about 400 μΩ-m, wherein the calcined coke product is derived in the absence of vacuum distillation from at least one biomass feedstock, and wherein the calcined coke product is optionally combined with at least one petroleum-derived coke.