Flexible ion conduit
An apparatus includes a flexible ion conduit extending between an input end situated to receive ions and an output end to define an ion passageway having an axis, the flexible ion conduit including an inner conduit portion having an inner surface facing the interior ion passageway and having a plurality of RF electrodes adjacently situated to receive RF voltages that are out of phase with respect to each other to direct the received ions away from the inner surface and into the ion passageway.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a flexible ion conduit extending between an input end situated to receive ions and an output end to deliver ions and defining an ion passageway, the flexible ion conduit including an inner conduit portion having an inner surface facing the interior ion passageway and having a plurality of RF electrodes situated to receive RF voltages wherein each RF voltage is out of phase with respect to the RF voltage applied to a nearest RF electrode of the RF electrodes to direct the received ions away from the inner surface of the ion passageway.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least four of the RF electrodes extend along the inner surface for an entire length of the flexible ion conduit between the input end and the output end.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least four of the RF electrodes extend along the inner surface for at least a portion of the length of the flexible ion conduit.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of RF electrodes is an even numbered quantity.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the portion is at least 80% of the length.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inner conduit portion is cylindrical or deviates from a cylindrical by being elliptically cylindrical for some or all of a length of the flexible ion conduit.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inner conduit portion includes a plurality of electrodes positioned between the RF electrodes and that is situated to receive AC or DC voltages and that forms an electrode set that extends along the inner surface for at least a portion of the length of the flexible ion conduit.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inner conduit portion includes a plurality of traveling wave electrodes positioned between the RF electrodes and forming a set that extends along the inner surface for at least a portion of the length of the flexible ion conduit and that is situated to receive traveling wave voltages to form a traveling wave.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the traveling wave voltages correspond to time-varying DC voltages or phase shifted AC voltages.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the set of traveling wave electrodes and the traveling wave voltages are configured to direct the received ions from the input end to the output end.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the set of traveling wave electrodes and the traveling wave voltages are configured to receive and transmit ions of both positive and negative polarity simultaneously.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the set of traveling wave electrodes and the traveling wave voltages are configured to simultaneously receive, transmit, and separate ions of both positive and negative polarity based on their ion mobilities.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the set of traveling wave electrodes and the traveling wave voltages are configured to separate ions in the ion passageway based on ion mobility, m/z, and/or ion charge.
14. An apparatus, comprising:
a flexible ion conduit according to claim 8 ; and
a controller coupled to the flexible ion conduit and configured to control the traveling wave voltages applied to the set of traveling wave electrodes.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RF electrodes are laterally separated from each other by non-conductive gaps of 30 μm or smaller but larger than a gap that causes an electrical breakdown between the RF electrodes.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible ion conduit is situated to move ions along the ion passageway between the input end and the output end over a range of pressures based on a conduit length, cross-section, and gas flow.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the output end is configured to couple to a low pressure ion inlet for the low pressure ion inlet to receive the ions from the ion passageway.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the low pressure ion inlet is a mass analysis region of a mass spectrometer or an ion introduction component of the mass spectrometer ion inlet that is configured to deliver ions to the mass spectrometer.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the low pressure ion inlet is a structure for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) ion inlet.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a detector coupled to output end to detect one or more characteristics of the ions.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible ion conduit comprises a bendable sheath surrounding the inner conduit portion and that supports the inner conduit portion and a pressure differential between an external pressure outside of the flexible ion conduit and an internal pressure in the ion passageway interior.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the external pressure is an ambient pressure.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RF electrodes are configured to losslessly direct the ions into the ion passageway away from the inner surface across a predetermined range of bend radii of the flexible ion conduit.
24. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inner conduit portion contains arrays of electrodes patterned on a flexible printed circuit substrate.
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the output end is tapered.
26. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an intersection coupling coupled to the output end and including a plurality of output ion paths for ions transported along the ion passageway.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the intersection coupling is a T-shaped, Y-shaped, or cross-shaped intersection coupling.
28. A method, comprising:
printing an electrode pattern of RF electrodes on a flexible printed circuit board to form the inner conduit surface of claim 1 ; and
securing the inner conduit surface in relation to a flexible sheath to form the flexible ion conduit.
29. A method, comprising:
exposing an ion inlet of an ion receiving device; and
coupling the flexible ion conduit of claim 1 to the ion inlet to provide an ion source for the ion receiving device.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the ion inlet is a low pressure inlet of the ion receiving device.
31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the exposing comprises removing an existing ion source mechanism coupled to the ion receiving device.
32. The method of claim 29 , further comprising adapting an input aperture of the low pressure inlet to an output aperture of the flexible ion conduit.
33. The method of claim 29 , wherein the ion receiving device is at least one of a mass spectrometer, ion mobility analyzer, structure for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM), liquid or gas chromatograph, and ion mobility spectrometer.
34. The method of claim 29 , further comprising:
coupling the input end of the flexible ion conduit to an output of a structure for lossless ion manipulation;
wherein the ion receiving device is a mass spectrometer.
35. The method of claim 29 , wherein the ion receiving device is an intersection coupling providing a plurality of selectable ion paths.
36. A method, comprising moving or separating the ions along the ion passageway of the flexible ion conduit of claim 1 .
37. An apparatus, comprising:
a flexible ion conduit according to claim 1 ; and
a controller coupled to the flexible ion conduit and configured to control the RF voltages applied to the RF electrodes.