P-n diodes and p-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors with diamond collectors and current tunneling layers
P-N diodes that include p-type doped diamond and devices, such as p-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors, that incorporate the p-n diodes are provided. In the p-n diodes, the diamond at the p-n junction has a positive electron affinity and is passivated by a thin layer of inorganic material that provides a tunneling layer that passivates the bonding interface states, without hindering carrier transport across the interface.
1. A p-n diode comprising:
a layer of p-type diamond having an upper surface with a positive electron affinity;
a layer of a single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material, the single-crystalline semiconductor material having a different lattice constant than the diamond; and
a current tunneling layer disposed between and in contact with the upper surface of the diamond and the lower surface of the layer of the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material, wherein the current tunneling layer comprises an inorganic material having a bandgap that is wider than the bandgaps of the diamond and single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material and further wherein the inorganic material is not a native oxide of the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material.
2. The diode of claim 1 , wherein the n-type semiconductor material is n-type GaAs.
3. The diode of claim 2 , wherein the inorganic material is aluminum oxide.
4. The diode of claim 2 having a breakdown voltage of at least 1 kV at a temperature of 25° C.
5. The diode of claim 1 , wherein the n-type semiconductor material is n-type Ge.
6. The diode of claim 5 , wherein the inorganic material is aluminum oxide.
7. A heterojunction bipolar transistor comprising:
a collector comprising a layer of p-type diamond having an upper surface with a positive electron affinity;
a base comprising a layer of a single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material, the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material having a different lattice constant than the diamond;
a current tunneling layer disposed between and in contact with the upper surface of the layer of diamond and a lower surface of the layer of the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material, wherein the current tunneling layer comprises an inorganic material having a bandgap that is wider than the bandgaps of the diamond and the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material and further wherein the inorganic material is not a native oxide of the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material; and
an emitter comprising a layer of a single-crystalline p-type semiconductor material.
8. The transistor of claim 7 , wherein the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material is n-type GaAs and the single-crystalline p-type semiconductor material is p-type AlGaAs.
9. The transistor of claim 7 , wherein the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material is n-type InGaAs and the single-crystalline p-type semiconductor material is p-type InAlAs.
10. The transistor of claim 7 , wherein the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material is n-type Ge and the single-crystalline p-type semiconductor material is p-type Si.
11. The transistor of claim 10 , wherein the base-collector diode has a breakdown voltage of at least 15 Vat a temperature of 25° C.
12. The transistor of claim 7 further comprising a second current tunneling layer disposed between and in contact with an upper surface of the of the layer of the single-crystalline n-type semiconductor material and a lower surface of the layer of a single-crystalline p-type semiconductor material.