Preparation of advanced CCMs for AMFCs by amination and cross-linking of the precursor form of the ionomer
In an AMFC, in the formation of a CCM, the anode catalyst layer is selectively cross-linked while the cathode catalyst layer is not cross-linked. This has been found to provide structural stabilization of the CCM without loss of initial power value for a CCM without cross-linking.
1. A catalyst coated membrane (CCM) for an alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC), comprising:
an anion conducting membrane configured to conduct hydroxyl ions, comprising a poly-hydrocarbon backbone with -OH carrying units;
an anode catalyst layer comprising ionomer, the anode catalyst layer being in physical contact to a first surface of the anion conducting membrane, wherein the ionomer of the anode catalyst layer is cross-linked using a crosslinking agent; and
a cathode catalyst layer comprising ionomer, the cathode catalyst layer being in physical contact to a second surface of the anion conducting membrane opposite the first surface, wherein the cathode catalyst layer is retained not cross-linked.
2. The catalyst coated membrane of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked anode is included in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) which is compressed onto the first surface of the anion conducting membrane.
3. The catalyst coated membrane of claim 1 , wherein the cathode catalyst layer is directly deposited on the second surface of the anion conducting membrane.
4. A method of making a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) for an alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC), comprising:
providing an anion-conducting membrane comprising a poly-hydrocarbon backbone with -OH carrying units;
applying an anode catalyst layer comprising ionomer to a first surface of the anion conducting membrane;
crosslinking the ionomer of the anode catalyst layer with a cross-linking agent;
applying a cathode catalyst layer comprising ionomer to a second surface of the anion conducting membrane opposite the first surface; and
retaining the ionomer of the cathode catalyst layer not cross-linked.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
applying the anode catalyst layer on a gad gas diffusion layer to form an anode gas diffusion electrode (DGEGDE), prior to the crosslinking; and
wherein applying an anode catalyst layer to the first surface of the anion conducting membrane comprises compressing the crosslinked anode catalyst layer included in the anode GDE onto the first surface of the anion conducting membrane.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the anode catalyst layer is applied directly to the first surface of the anion conducting membrane and wherein crosslinking the anode catalyst layer is conducted prior to the application of the cathode catalysts layer to the second surface of the anion conducting membrane.