Methods and apparatuses for curing concrete
An apparatus for curing concrete includes a multiple layer polyolefin film and an absorbent layer. The polyolefin film layer can include pH modifying components and antiskid components. The absorbent layer can also include pH modifying components. The absorbent layer can include nonwoven fabric. The apparatus can be applied to curing concrete after hydration water is applied to the curing concrete. The apparatus can also be used to enclose poured concrete members during transport of the members so as to continue the curing process during transport. The film can also be used as a barrier layer between the ground and poured concrete.
1. An apparatus for curing concrete, including:
a film having a first outer layer and a second outer layer, the second outer layer including ethylene butyl acrylate, a first inner layer adjacent the first outer layer and a second inner layer adjacent the second outer layer, the second inner layer including high density polyethylene, and a third inner layer adjacent the first inner layer and a fourth inner layer adjacent the second inner layer and the third inner, layer, the third and fourth inner layers including an ethylene polypropylene copolymer;
an absorbent layer including a nonwoven fabric;
an adhesive material adhering the second outer layer of the film to the absorbent layer; and
wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the second outer layer of the film is greater than the water vapor transmission rate of the second inner layer of the film, the second inner layer forming a barrier that hinders migration of water from the second outer layer to the fourth inner layer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first outer layer of the film includes an antiskid component.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the kinetic and static coefficients of friction of the first outer layer of the film are each at least 0.7.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric includes a plurality of raised areas and a plurality of recessed areas and the adhesive adheres the second outer layer of the film to the raised areas of the nonwoven fabric.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a pH modifying component for modifying the pH of water used to hydrate the curing concrete.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the pH modifying component is incorporated into the film.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the pH modifying component is incorporated into the absorbent layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the pH modifying component is calcium oxide.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the pH modifying component modifies the pH of water used to hydrate the curing concrete to about 11 to about 13.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the film forms a water vapor barrier on one side of the absorbent layer.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the apparatus from the absorbent layer through the second inner layer of the film is less than 10 grams per square meter per day.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus has a puncture resistance of at least 14 pounds.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus has an Elmendorf tear strength of at least 1,000 grams.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second outer layers of the film include ethylene butyl acrylate.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first outer layer of the film includes both an antiskid component and ethylene acrylic acid.
16. An apparatus for curing concrete, including:
a film having a first layer including an antiskid component, a second layer adjacent the first layer, the second layer including high density polyethylene, and a third layer adjacent the second layer, the third layer including ethylene acrylic acid;
an absorbent layer including a nonwoven fabric having a plurality of raised areas and a plurality of recessed areas;
an adhesive material adhering the third layer of the film to the raised areas of the nonwoven fabric;
a pH modifying component incorporated into the film; and
wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the third layer of the film is greater than the water vapor transmission rate of the second layer of the film, the second layer brining a barrier that hinders migration of water from the third layer to the first layer.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the pH modifying component modifies the pH of water used to hydrate the curing concrete.
18. An apparatus for curing concrete, including:
a film having a first outer layer and a second outer layer, the first and second outer layers including linear low density polyethylene, a first inner layer adjacent the first outer layer and a second inner layer adjacent the second outer layer, the first and second inner layers including linear low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene, and a third inner layer adjacent the first inner layer and a fourth inner layer adjacent the second inner layer and the third inner layer, the third and fourth inner layers including an ethylene polypropylene copolymer;
an absorbent layer including a nonwoven fabric;
an adhesive material adhering the second outer layer of the film to the absorbent layer; and
a pH modifying component incorporated into the film for modifying the pH of water used to hydrate the curing concrete.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the first outer layer of the film includes an antiskid component.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the nonwoven fabric includes a plurality of raised areas and a plurality of recessed areas and the adhesive adheres the second outer layer of the film to the raised areas of the nonwoven fabric.
21. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the pH modifying component is calcium oxide.
22. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the film forms a water vapor barrier on one side of the absorbent layer.
23. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the first and second outer layers of the film include ethylene butyl acrylate.
24. An apparatus for curing concrete, including:
a film having a first outer layer and a second outer layer, the first and second outer layers including linear low density polyethylene, a first inner layer adjacent the first outer layer and a second inner layer adjacent the second outer layer, the first and second inner layers including, linear low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene, and a third inner layer adjacent the first inner layer and a fourth inner layer adjacent the second inner layer and the third inner layer, the third and fourth inner layers including an ethylene polypropylene copolymer;
an absorbent layer including a nonwoven fabric;
an adhesive material adhering the second outer layer of the film to the absorbent layer; and
pH modifying component incorporated into the absorbent layer for modifying the pH of water used to hydrate the curing concrete.
25. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first outer layer of the film includes an antiskid component.
26. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the nonwoven fabric includes a plurality of raised areas and a plurality of recessed areas and the adhesive adheres the second outer layer of the film to the raised areas of the nonwoven fabric.
27. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the pH modifying component is calcium oxide.
28. The apparatus at claim 24 , wherein the pH forms a water vapor barrier on one side of the absorbent layer.
29. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the first and second outer layers of the film include ethylene butyl acrylate.