Forward osmosis subsurface irrigation system and process
The present disclosure is directed to a forward osmosis system/process utilized primarily in conjunction with a subsurface irrigation system/process. Saline wastewater or naturally saline water is treated using forward osmosis membranes that draw at least partially purified water from the wastewater into an osmotic draw solution (draw solution). The resulting diluted osmotic draw solution is then circulated through the subsurface irrigation system including one or more tubular membranes that reject the draw solution while permitting water in the diluted draw solution to pass through.
1. A water treatment system for recovering water from tainted water, comprising:
a forward osmosis system having a forward osmosis membrane separating a chamber of tainted water from a chamber of an osmotic draw solution, wherein water from the tainted water passes through the forward osmosis membrane to produce a diluted osmotic draw solution;
at least a first tubular membrane buried within an irrigation field and fluidly connected to the forward osmosis system, the tubular membrane having a draw-solution rejecting active layer; and
a pump for pumping moving the diluted osmotic draw solution from the forward osmosis system and through the tubular membrane, wherein water from the diluted osmotic draw solution passes through the active layer of the tubular membrane substantially free of the osmotic draw solution and into soil of the irrigation field.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a reservoir of the osmotic draw solution, wherein an outlet of the reservoir is connected to an inlet of the chamber of the osmotic draw solution of the forward osmosis system.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:
a fluid connection between an outlet of the tubular membrane and an inlet of the reservoir, wherein the osmotic draw solution returns to the reservoir after passing though the tubular membrane.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tubular membrane comprises said active layer and a macroporous support layer.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the active layer comprises a pervaporation layer.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the active layer comprises one of an ultra-filtration membrane and a nano-filtration membrane.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tubular membrane comprises a reverse osmosis membrane.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the osmotic draw agent comprises a salt solution.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein said salt solution further comprises a fertilizer component.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the active layer of the tubular membrane permits passage of at least a portion of the fertilizer component.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein a pressure within the tubular membrane is less than 30 psi.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is less than 20 psi.
13. A method for recovering water from tainted water, comprising:
passing a source of tainted water through forward osmosis system, wherein water from the tainted water passes through a forward osmosis membrane to dilute an osmotic draw solution producing a diluted draw solution; and
pumping the diluted draw solution from the forward osmosis system through one or more tubular membranes buried within soil of a field, the tubular membranes each having a draw-solution rejecting active layer, wherein water in the diluted draw solution passes though the active layer into the soil.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the water passing through the active layer at least partially re-concentrates the draw solution.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
subsequently utilizing the re-concentrated draw solution to draw water from the source of tainted water.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pumping comprises pumping the diluted draw solution through the tubular membranes at a pressure of less than 30 psi.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the pumping comprises pumping at a pressure of less than 20 psi.