Method and system for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy
A MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance NMR)-based PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) diagnostic system and method uses MRS signals, already pre-processed by the MRS scanner software. The signals are collected in vivo from specific regions of the brain. A wavelet decomposition is applied to the MRS signals, and the amplitude of the wavelet coefficients and their location in the MRS signals are used as features for training diagnostic classifiers of disease states. These classifiers are identified through analysis of features of individuals whose health status is known. Once the classifiers are trained, patients can be diagnosed by using the same wavelet features extracted from in vivo MRS scans of their brain regions.
1. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based diagnostic system for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and/or mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), comprising:
a MRS system for collecting MRS signals from a Posterior Cingulate Gyrus (PCG) of patients; and
a computer system that creates and executes a diagnostic tool that uses wavelet analysis of the MRS signals from the PCG to diagnose patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and/or mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) from the MRS signals, wherein the computer system generates clean MRS signals by averaging the MRS signals for each coil of the MRS system, performs wavelet decomposition on the clean MRS signals and then extracts wavelet features from the clean MRS signals as inputs to the diagnostic tool, wherein the wavelet features are locations in ppm (parts per million) and coefficients in a wavelet expansion of the clean MRS signals and wherein in a training phase, the diagnostic tool creates a subset of wavelet features determined by adding a wavelet feature to the subset that has a highest performance for discrimination and then adds additional wavelet features to the subset when the additional wavelet features increase the performance of the subset, wherein the diagnostic tool employs the wavelet features at 3.89 and 1.14 ppm to diagnose between mTBI and PTSD.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the training phase of the diagnostic tool is performed by analyzing MRS signals of subjects with PTSD and mTBI.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic tool implements binary classifiers for PTSD and mTBI.
4. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the computer system trains diagnostic classifiers distinguishing healthy control subjects from those with PTSD and/or mTBI are trained using the subset of the wavelet features identified during the training phase.
5. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic tool implements classifiers distinguishing healthy controls subjects from those with PTSD and/or mTBI learned in the training.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising characterizing metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), myo-inositol (mI), and lactate.
7. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the subset of wavelet features with a highest performance for discrimination are determined by measuring performance as an average Percent Correct Classification (PCC) from multiple iterations of a k-fold cross-validation test of the wavelet features.
8. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic tool employs the wavelet features at 3.87, 1.61 and 1.64 ppm to diagnose between both mTBI and PTSD and mTBI-only.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic tool employs the wavelet features at 1.29 ppm to diagnose between both mTBI and PTSD and PTSD-only.
10. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the training phase of the diagnostic tool is performed by analyzing MRS signals of subjects with PTSD and mTBI and wherein the diagnostic tool implements binary classifiers for PTSD and mTBI.
11. A method for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based diagnosis for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and/or mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), comprising:
collecting MRS signals from a Posterior Cingulate Gyms (PCG) of patients with an MRS system; and
using wavelet analysis of the MRS signals from the PCG to diagnose patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and/or mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) from the MRS signals by generating clean MRS signals by averaging the MRS signals for each coil of the MRS system, performing wavelet decomposition on the clean MRS signals, then extracting wavelet features from the clean MRS signals, the wavelet features being locations in ppm (parts per million) and coefficients in a wavelet expansion of the clean MRS signals, creating a subset of wavelet features determined by adding a wavelet feature to the subset that has a highest performance for discrimination, and then adding additional wavelet features to the subset when the additional wavelet features increase the performance of the subset to create a final subset of wavelet features, wherein the wavelet features at 3.89 and 1.14 ppm are employed to diagnose between mTBI and PTSD.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11 , further comprising implementing binary classifiers for PTSD and mTBI.
13. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein diagnostic classifiers distinguishing healthy control subjects from those with PTSD and/or mTBI are trained using the final subset of the wavelet features.
14. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the wavelet features with a highest performance for discrimination are determined by measuring performance as an average Percent Correct Classification (PCC) from multiple iterations of a k-fold cross-validation test of the wavelet features.
15. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the wavelet features at 3.87, 1.61 and 1.64 ppm are employed to diagnose between both mTBI and PTSD and mTBI-only.
16. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the wavelet features at 1.29 ppm are employed to diagnose between both mTBI and PTSD and PTSD-only.
17. A method as claimed in claim 11 , further comprising analyzing MRS signals of subjects with PTSD and mTBI and implementing binary classifiers for PTSD and mTBI.