Electrospun aligned nanofiber adhesives with mechanical interlocks
A dry adhesive includes a first plurality of fiber segments mechanically interlocked with a second plurality of fiber segments. A dry adhesive can include a first plurality of fibers mechanically interlocked with a second plurality of fibers or a single plurality of fibers having a first end region mechanically interlocked with a second end region. The fiber segments and fibers can be aligned, electrospun nanofibers. One or more continuous and scalable methods of making aligned fibers are also provided. One or more apparatuses are also provided.
1. A method of making a dry adhesive, the method comprising
providing a first roll having a face stock;
dispensing the face stock from the first roll;
allowing the face stock to move underneath an electrospinning dispenser;
electrospinning, by the electrospinning dispenser, dry adhesive nanofibers on the face stock to thereby form a dry adhesive fiber mat on the face stock, the dry adhesive fiber mat being removable, repositionable, and reusable, and having a shear adhesion strength of 40 N/cm 2 or higher and the shear adhesion strength being at least 500% higher than a normal adhesion strength of the dry adhesive fiber mat; wherein the electrospinning step includes electrospinning a spinnable solution including a spinnable polymer and a tackifier to thereby form the dry adhesive nanofibers; and
collecting, with a second roll, the dry adhesive fiber mat on the face stock.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is generally continuous.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of providing the dry adhesive fiber mat with a release liner.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method produces the dry adhesive fiber mat having the shear adhesion strength of 60 N/cm 2 or higher.
5. The method of claim 1 , the face stock having a tear strength, wherein the method produces the dry adhesive fiber mat having the shear adhesion strength greater than the tear strength of the face stock.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method produces the dry adhesive fiber mat having the shear adhesion strength of at least 3000% higher than the normal adhesion strength, wherein the electrospinning dispenser provides the dry adhesive fiber mat with a fiber diameter of from 50 nanometers or more to 1000 nanometers or less.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrospinning dispenser includes a charged electrode and wherein a ground electrode is positioned below the face stock.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrospinning dispenser includes a charged electrode and wherein a ground electrode is positioned on the face stock.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of collecting with the second roll forms a collected second roll, the method further comprising steps of
forming, from the collected second roll, a first product face stock extending in a planar direction and carrying a first product dry adhesive fiber mat, and
forming, from the collected second roll, a second product face stock extending in a planar direction and carrying a second product dry adhesive fiber mat.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising a step of intimately positioning the first product dry adhesive fiber mat with the second product dry adhesive fiber mat to thereby mechanically interlock the first product dry adhesive fiber mat with the second product dry adhesive fiber mat.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the face stock is selected from the group consisting of metal substrates, aluminum foil, polymer films, polyethylene terephthalate films, woven polyester fibers, paper, laminates, and carbon fibers.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the face stock is selected from the group consisting of paper and polymer films.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the face stock is a polyethylene terephthalate film.
14. A method of making a dry adhesive, the method comprising
providing a first roll, the first roll including paper;
dispensing the paper from the first roll;
allowing the paper to move underneath an electrospinning dispenser;
electrospinning, by the electrospinning dispenser, dry adhesive nanofibers on the paper to thereby form a dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper, the dry adhesive fiber mat being removable, repositionable, and reusable, and having a shear adhesion strength of 40 N/cm 2 or higher and the shear adhesion strength being at least 500% higher than a normal adhesion strength of the dry adhesive fiber mat; wherein the electrospinning step includes electrospinning a spinnable solution including a spinnable polymer and a tackifier to thereby form the dry adhesive nanofibers; and wherein the electrospinning dispenser provides the dry adhesive fiber mat with a fiber diameter of from 50 nanometers or more to 1000 nanometers or less; and
collecting, with a second roll, the dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the method produces the dry adhesive fiber mat having the shear adhesion strength of 60 N/cm 2 or higher.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the step of collecting with the second roll forms a collected second roll, the method further comprising steps of
forming, from the collected second roll, a first product of the dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper, the first product of the dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper extending in a planar direction,
forming, from the collected second roll, a second product of the dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper, the second product of the dry adhesive fiber mat on the paper extending in a planar direction, and
intimately positioning the dry adhesive fiber mat of the first product with the dry adhesive fiber mat of the second product to thereby mechanically interlock the dry adhesive fiber mat of the first product with the dry adhesive fiber mat of the second product.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising steps of
attaching, after the step of collecting with the second roll, the dry adhesive fiber mat to a surface;
detaching, after the step of attaching, the dry adhesive fiber mat from the surface; and
reattaching, after the step of detaching, the dry adhesive fiber mat to the surface.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dry adhesive fiber mat is capable of being attached and detached from a surface without residue being left on the surface.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising steps of
attaching, after the step of collecting with the second roll, the dry adhesive fiber mat to a surface;
detaching, after the step of attaching, the dry adhesive fiber mat from the surface; and
reattaching, after the step of detaching, the dry adhesive fiber mat to the surface.
20. A dry adhesive product comprising a dry adhesive fiber mat on a face stock, the dry adhesive fiber mat being removable, repositionable, and reusable, and having a shear adhesion strength of 40 N/cm 2 or higher and the shear adhesion strength being at least 500% higher than a normal adhesion strength of the dry adhesive fiber mat, and the dry adhesive fiber mat comprising electrospun polymer nanofibers comprising a spinnable polymer and a tackifier.