ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH GETTER AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME
An electrochemical cell including a getter material, a battery including the electrochemical cell, and methods of forming the electrochemical cell and battery are disclosed.
1 . An electrochemical cell comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising one or more salts; and
a getter material comprising one or more gas getters,
wherein the one or more gas getters are in direct contact with, form part of, or both one or more of the first electrode, the second electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
2 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more salts do not readily hydrolyze.
3 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a fluid.
4 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more gas getters comprise at least one of a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, or both the metal oxide and the metal hydroxide.
5 . The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the one or more salts do not comprise an anion selected from the group consisting of PF 6 −1 , BF 4 −1 , AlCl 4 −1 , AsF 6 −1 , ClO 4 −1 , SiF 6 −1 , or SbF 6 −1 .
6 . The electrochemical cell of claim 2 wherein the one or more salts do not comprise any of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiSiF 6 , or LiSbF 6 .
7 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises one or more lithium salts of at least one of the following anions: triflate (CF 3 SO 3 −1 ), triflinate (CF 3 SO 2 −1 ), perfluorobutanesulfonate (C 4 F 9 SO 3 −1 ), bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide [N((C x F 2x+1 ) x SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide [N(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [N(SO 2 F) 2 −1 ], bis(perfluoropinacolato)borate [B(C 6 F 12 O 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(oxalato)borate [B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 −1 ], difluoro(oxalato)borate [BF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) −1 ], difluoro(malonato)borate [BF 2 (C 3 H 2 O 4 ) −1 ], bis(benzenesulfonyl)imide [N(C 6 H 5 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], and bis(salicylato)borate [B(C 7 H 4 O 3 ) 2 −1 ].
8 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the getter material is incorporated into a coating that is applied to one or more of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator.
9 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more salts comprise at least three elements and include two or more of the following: boron, phosphorous, fluorine, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
10 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more gas getters comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: LiOH, Li 2 O, NaOH, Na 2 O, KOH, K 2 O, Mg(OH) 2 , MgO, Ca(OH) 2 , and CaO, in any combination.
11 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the salt, or a combination of the one or more salts in the non-aqueous electrolyte ranges from about 0.01 M to about 10 M.
12 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the getter material comprises one or more of carbon, polymer, resin, metal, or ceramic.
13 . The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the getter material does not comprise any of a silica gel, an alumina, or a zeolite.
14 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to charge to greater than or equal to 4.0 V.
15 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a metal, an alloy, or an intermetallic compound configured to provide >1000 mAh/cc.
16 . The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a material configured to undergo an insertion reaction, an alloying, an intercalation, a disproportionation, a conversion reaction, or any combination thereof.
17 . A battery comprising one or more electrochemical cells of claim 1 .
18 . A method of forming an electrochemical cell, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a structure comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator there between;
providing a mixture of getter material and a liquid to the structure, wherein the getter material directly contacts one or more of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator;
removing at least a portion of the liquid; and
after removing at least a portion of the liquid, adding an electrolyte solution to the structure.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the electrolyte solution comprises at least one of the following anions triflate (CF 3 SO 3 −1 ), triflinate (CF 3 SO 2 −1 ), perfluorobutanesulfonate (C 4 F 9 SO 3 −1 ), bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide [N((C x F 2x+1 ) x SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide [N(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [N(SO 2 F) 2 −1 ], bis(perfluoropinacolato)borate [B(C 6 F 12 O 2 ) 2 −1 ], bis(oxalato)borate [B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 −1 ], difluoro(oxalato)borate [BF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) −1 ], difluoro (malonato)borate [BF 2 (C 3 H 2 O 4 ) −1 ], bis(benzenesulfonyl)imide [N(C 6 H 5 SO 2 ) 2 −1 ], and bis(salicylato)borate [B(C 7 H 4 O 3 ) 2 −1 ].
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the getter material comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: LiOH, Li 2 O, NaOH, Na 2 O, KOH, K 2 O, Mg(OH) 2 , MgO, Ca(OH) 2 , and CaO.