Method for eliminating wrinkles or bridging in composite laminate corners or bends
A method of manufacturing a composite part having a curved or radiused corner to avoid wrinkling or bridging of outer-most composite plies during consolidation and cure, including laying up composite material on male or female tooling to form two flanges extending at a first angle relative each other and a curved or radiused corner extending between the two flanges. Then the method may include changing an orientation of one or both of the flanges of the composite material, such that the two flanges extend at a second included angle relative each other. The second included angle is smaller than the first angle. The method may also include a step of consolidating the composite material before, after, or during the step of changing the orientation of the composite material to the second angle, as well as a step of curing the composite material oriented at the second angle.
1. A method of manufacturing a composite part, the method comprising:
laying up composite material in a configuration with a first flange and a second flange extending from a corner curving between and terminating at the first flange and the second flange such that the corner has an initial arc angle between approximately 48.0 degrees and approximately 117.1 degrees;
changing an orientation of one or both of the first and second flanges of the composite material, such that the corner has a final arc angle different from the initial arc angle and between approximately 60.0 degrees and approximately 120.0 degrees; and
compressing the composite material, thereby consolidating the composite material with the corner having the final arc angle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises transferring the composite material from a layup tool having the initial arc angle to a curing tool having the final arc angle.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises removing inserts from a surface of a layup tool on which the composite material is placed during the step of laying up the composite material.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises at least one of electromechanically, pneumatically, and hydraulically actuating at least one surface of a layup tool on which the composite material was placed during the step of laying up the composite material such that the corner has the final arc angle.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein actuating the at least one surface of the layup tool occurs in an oven during curing of the composite material and before gelation of the composite material.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of laying up the composite material is performed on a layup tool, wherein the layup tool is low-melt alloy or phase-change material coupled with at least one of springs and weights, wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises heating or cooling the layup tool to a specific phase change threshold temperature, in an oven, which actuates the layup tool to move the composite material such that the corner has the final arc angle.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the specific phase change threshold temperature is provided to the layup tool in the oven during curing of the composite material and before gelation of the composite material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of laying up the composite material is performed on a layup tool, wherein a surface of the layup tool is attached to a bi-metallic strip configured to release at least one of pressure, weight, and springs that actuate the surface of the layup tool at one of predetermined times and temperatures without user intervention.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second flanges are contoured.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the corner is radiused.
11. A method of manufacturing a composite part, the method comprising:
laying up composite material in a configuration with a first contoured flange and a second contoured flange extending from a corner curving between and terminating at the first contoured flange and the second contoured flange such that the corner has an initial arc angle;
changing an orientation of one or both of the first and second contoured flanges of the composite material such that the corner has a final arc angle, a difference between the final arc angle and the initial arc angle being between 2.3 degrees and 13.6 degrees; and
compressing the composite material, thereby consolidating the composite material with the corner having the final arc angle.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises transferring the composite material from a layup tool having the initial arc angle to a curing tool having the final arc angle.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises removing inserts from a surface of a layup tool on which the composite material is placed during the step of laying up the composite material.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises at least one of electromechanically, pneumatically, and hydraulically actuating at least one surface of a layup tool on which the composite material was placed during the step of laying up the composite material such that the corner has the final arc angle.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein actuating the at least one surface of the layup tool occurs in an oven during curing of the composite material and before gelation of the composite material.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of laying up the composite material is performed on a layup tool, wherein the layup tool is low-melt alloy or phase-change material coupled with at least one of springs and weights, wherein the step of changing the orientation comprises heating or cooling the layup tool to a specific phase change threshold temperature, in an oven, which actuates the layup tool to move the composite material such that the corner has the final arc angle.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the specific phase change threshold temperature is provided to the layup tool in the oven during curing of the composite material and before gelation of the composite material.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of laying up the composite material is performed on a layup tool, wherein a surface of the layup tool is attached to a bi-metallic strip configured to release at least one of pressure, weight, and springs that actuate the surface of the layup tool at one of predetermined times and temperatures without user intervention.