Process to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates using a solvent system containing water and a polar aprotic solvent
A method to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from C6 carbohydrates. The method includes the steps of reacting a reactant comprising at least one C6 carbohydrate, in a reaction mixture comprising at least about 5% (v/v) water, a polar, aprotic solvent, and an acid, for a time, at a temperature, and at a hydrogen ion concentration wherein at least a portion of the C6 carbohydrate present in the reactant is converted to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (“HMF”).
1. A method to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), the method comprising:
reacting a reactant comprising at least 25 wt % of at least one C6 carbohydrate, in a reaction mixture comprising about 25% (v/v) to about 5% water, about 75% (v/v) to about 95% (v/v) polar, aprotic solvent, and an acid, for a time, at a temperature, and at a hydrogen ion concentration wherein at least a portion of the C6 carbohydrate present in the reactant is converted to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), wherein the polar, aprotic solvent is a ketone.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar, aprotic solvent is selected from aliphatic ketones, cyclic ketones, and aryl ketones.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar, aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of di-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl ketones.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar, aprotic solvent is acetone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar, aprotic solvent is present in a concentration of about 80% (v/v) in water.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is present in an amount to yield a hydrogen ion concentration in the reaction mixture of from about 1 mM to about 500 mM.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is present in an amount to yield a hydrogen ion concentration in the reaction mixture of from about 5 mM to about 100 mM.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is present in an amount to yield a hydrogen ion concentration in the reaction mixture of from about 5 mM to about 50 mM.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is a Brønsted-Lowry Acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is a mineral acid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is a solid acid catalyst.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is an organic acid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is from about 80° C. to about 300° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is from about 80° C. to about 250° C.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is from about 80° C. to about 220° C.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is from about 100° C. to about 200° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one C6 carbohydrate comprises fructose.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant comprises at least one C6 carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of fructose, glucose, and mannose.