Wearable display with coherent replication

1. A near-eye display (NED) comprising:

a spatial light modulator (SLM) comprising a plurality of pixels for controlling at least one of amplitude, phase, or polarization of an optical beam impinging thereon, wherein the optical beam includes spatial beam components corresponding to individual pixels of the SLM; and

a replication element comprising a plurality of light-scattering features for receiving and splitting the spatial beam components into a plurality of sub-beams for simultaneous propagation in a plurality of directions to cause a first portion of the sub-beams split from different spatial beam components and propagating in a direction of an eyebox of the NED undergo optical interference therebetween at the eyebox to obtain an image of an object;

wherein the light-scattering features of the replication element are configured to provide multiple overlapping copies of wavefront of the corresponding impinging spatial beam components for propagation at pseudo-random angles;

wherein the replication element comprises at least one of: a volume hologram, a polarization-sensitive element, a metasurface, or a time-multiplexed switchable element; and

wherein the replication element is configured to split the spatial beam components into the plurality of sub-beams, and to propagate external light substantially without change of a wavefront or spatial power density distribution of the external light for at least one of: a duration of time, a pre-defined spectral band, or a pre-defined polarization of the external light.

2. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the replication element is disposed downstream of the SLM.

3. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the light-scattering features of the replication element are pseudo-randomly disposed across an aperture of the replication element; and

wherein the light-scattering features are configured to send the sub-beams in pseudo-random directions.

4. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the light-scattering features of the replication element are configured to direct the sub-beams predominantly in a direction of the eyebox.

5. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of directions comprise a substantially uniform distribution of directions.

6. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the replication element comprises at least one of: a phase mask, an amplitude mask, a polarization mask, a refractive surface, a diffuser, a diffraction grating, a holographic grating, a metasurface, or a microlens array.

7. The NED of claim 1 further comprising an optical waveguide, wherein the replication element is supported by the optical waveguide.

8. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the replication element is configured to increase etendue of the NED by up to eight times.

9. The NED of claim 8 , wherein a maximum redirection angle of the replication element is up to eight times larger than a maximum beam deviation angle of the SLM.

10. The NED of claim 1 , further comprising a controller operably coupled to the SLM and configured to adjust the at least one of amplitude, phase, or polarization of the first portion of the sub-beams to make the sub-beams of the first portion undergo the optical interference therebetween at the eyebox to obtain the image of the object.

11. The NED of claim 10 , wherein in operation, the sub-beams undergo the optical interference on a retina of a user's eye at the eyebox.

12. The NED of claim 11 , further comprising an eye tracking system for determining at least one of eye position or eye orientation of the user's eye, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the at least one of amplitude, phase, or polarization of the first portion of the sub-beams depending on the at least one of eye position or eye orientation determined by the eye tracking system.

13. The NED of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to adjust the SLM pixels to optimize the image of the object based upon a perceptual metric of the image;

wherein the perceptual metric comprises at least one of: a range of spatial frequencies supported by a retina of a human eye for a portion of the image, perceptual importance of the object or a feature thereof, temporal consistency of the image, saliency of the object, or a range of lower image spatial frequencies supported by available degrees of freedom of the SLM.