Nucleic acid catenane with a linking duplex biosensor for detection of a microorganism target
The present application is directed to biosensors and methods for detecting a microorganism target in a sample using a mechanically interlocked nucleic acid catanane, wherein an enzyme from the microorganism target or that is activated by a molecule from the microorganism target cleaves a linkage in a first single-stranded nucleic acid ring of the catanane structure, allowing rolling-circle amplification to occur and the presence of rolling-circle amplification products indicates the presence of the microorganism in the sample.
1. A biosensor for detection of a microorganism target comprising:
a) a first single-stranded nucleic acid ring comprising a linkage that is cleaved by an enzyme from the microorganism target or by an enzyme that is activated by a molecule from the microorganism; and
b) a second single-stranded nucleic acid ring comprising a sequence complementary to a region of the first single-stranded nucleic acid ring,
wherein the first and second single-stranded nucleic acid rings form a nucleic acid catenane structure with a linking duplex.
2. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the linkage is cleaved by an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme, a DNA-cleaving DNAzyme, a ribozyme or a protein enzyme that has DNA and/or RNA cleaving activities activated by a molecule from the microorganism target.
3. The biosensor of claim 2 , wherein the linkage is cleaved by an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme that is activated by a molecule from the microorganism target.
4. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the linkage is cleaved by an allosteric DNAzyme, ribozyme or protein enzyme that is activated by an activator molecule in a sample containing the microorganism target prior to cleaving the linkage.
5. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the first single-stranded nucleic acid ring is a single stranded DNA ring comprising a single ribonucleotide linkage and the second single-stranded nucleic acid ring is a single stranded DNA ring comprising a sequence that is complementary to a region of the first single-stranded DNA ring.
6. The biosensor of claim 5 , wherein the sequence in the first single-stranded DNA ring that is complementary to a region of the first single-stranded DNA ring comprises from 6 to 50 nucleotides.
7. The biosensor of claim 1 , further comprising the enzyme that is activated by a molecule from the microorganism.
8. The biosensor of claim 1 , further comprising reagents for performing RCA.
9. The biosensor of claim 8 , wherein the reagents for performing RCA further comprise forward and reverse primers for performing hyperbranched RCA (HRCA).
10. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the first and second nucleic acid rings are comprised of DNA, with the first nucleic acid ring comprising a single ribonucleotide linkage.
11. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein detection of the microorganism target is performed by detection of RCA products (RP) and the biosensor further comprises one or more reporter molecules for detection of the RP.
12. The biosensor of claim 11 , wherein the one or more reporter molecules for detection of the RP comprise a detection system selected from a fluorescent system, a colorimetric system, a radiolabeled system and an electrochemical system.
13. The biosensor of claim 11 , wherein the one or more reporter molecules are incorporated in the reagents for performing RCA and/or first and/or second single-stranded nucleic acid rings.
14. The biosensor of claim 11 , wherein the first single-stranded nucleic acid ring is modified to produce an RP containing repetitive units of a peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme, PW17, generating a detectable colorimetric signal and hemin, H 2 O 2 and 2,2′azine-bis(3-ethylbenzthiasoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) are included in the reagents for performing RCA.
15. The biosensor of claim 1 having a detection sensitivity of from about 10 cells/m L to about 1000 cells/ml.
16. A microorganism detection kit comprising a biosensor of claim 1 and optionally reagents for performing an assay using the biosensor and/or instructions for using the biosensor in the assay and any controls needed to perform the assay.
17. A method of detecting a microorganism target in a sample comprising exposing the sample to the biosensor of claim 1 , wherein an enzyme from the microorganism target cleaves the linkage in the first single-stranded nucleic acid ring, allowing rolling-circle amplification to occur and detection of rolling circle amplification products indicates the presence of the microorganism in the sample.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein cleavage of the linkage results in release and linearization of first single-stranded nucleic acid and the linearized first single-stranded nucleic acid then acts as a primer for rolling circle amplification (RCA), the second single-stranded nucleic acid ring acts as the circular template for RCA, and detection of RCA products (RP) indicates the presence of the microorganism target.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein cleavage of the linkage results in release and linearization of first single-stranded nucleic acid and the second single-stranded nucleic acid ring acts as the circular template for RCA, and detection of RCA products (RP) indicates the presence of the microorganism target.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the RCA products are detected using an electrophoresis system.