Superelastic polyurethane mastics
The invention relates to a method for synthesizing NCO-terminated polyurethanes having improved elastic properties, said method involving the staggered addition of diisocyanate(s). The invention also relates to NCO-terminated polyurethanes that have high elongation at break and can be obtained using the disclosed method. The invention finally relates to adhesive, mastic and/or coating compositions comprising the disclosed NCO-terminated polyurethane.
1. A process for preparing NCO-terminated polyurethanes, said polyurethane being non-solid at a temperature ranging from 5 to 35° C., said process comprising, successively:
a) the reaction of a composition of diisocyanate(s) with a composition of polyol(s) with an NCO/OH molar ratio less than or equal to 0.8, in order to obtain an OH-terminated precursor polyurethane not comprising terminal NCO groups, at least one of said diisocyanates being present at an amount of at least 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of diisocyanate(s), and
b) the reaction of said OH-terminated precursor polyurethane obtained in this way with a diphenylmethylene diisocyanate composition in order to obtain NCO-terminated polyurethanes, said diphenylmethylene diisocyanate composition comprising at least 80% by weight of the same diphenylmethylene diisocyanate compound,
steps a) and b) being carried out under anhydrous conditions.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition of diisocyanate(s) used in a) comprises at least 85% by weight of the same diisocyanate, relative to the total weight of the composition of diisocyanate(s) used in a).
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition of diisocyanate(s) used during a) comprises at least one diisocyanate that is diphenylmethylene diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or an allophanate derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate used in b) comprises at least 85% by weight of the same diphenylmethylene diisocyanate compound, relative to the total weight of the composition of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diphenylmethylene diisocyanate composition used in b) comprises at least 80% by weight of 4,4′-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, relative to the total weight of the composition of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyol composition consists of a mixture of polyether diol and of polyether triol.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the NCO/OH molar ratio during b) is strictly greater than 1.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the NCO-terminated polyurethanes have an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 1000%.
9. An NCO-terminated polyurethane based on diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, capable of being obtained according to the process as defined in claim 1 , said NCO-terminated polyurethane being non-solid at a temperature ranging from 5 to 35° C. and having an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 1000%.
10. A composition comprising:
at least one NCO-terminated polyurethane based on diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, said NCO-terminated polyurethane being non-solid at a temperature ranging from 5 to 35° C. and having an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 1000%, produced by a process comprising, successively,
a) the reaction of a composition of diisocyanate(s) with a composition of polyol(s) with an NCO/OH molar ratio less than or equal to 0.8, in order to obtain an OH-terminated precursor polyurethane not comprising terminal NCO groups, at least one of said diisocyanates being present at an amount of at least 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of diisocyanate(s), and
b) the reaction of said OH-terminated precursor polyurethane obtained in this way with a diphenylmethylene diisocyanate composition in order to obtain NCO-terminated polyurethanes, said diphenylmethylene diisocyanate composition comprising at least 80% by weight of the same diphenylmethylene diisocyanate compound,
steps a) and b) being carried out under anhydrous conditions,
at least one filler, and
at least one crosslinking catalyst.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 10 , comprising:
from 10 to 40% by weight of NCO-terminated polyurethane,
from 20 to 70% by weight of at least one filler,
from 0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one crosslinking catalyst,
the percentages by weight being expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.
12. An article comprising the composition as claimed in claim 10 , in an airtight hermetic packaging.
13. An NCO-terminated polyurethane based on diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, obtained according to the process as defined in claim 1 , said polyurethane being non-solid at a temperature ranging from 5 to 35° C. and having an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 1000%.
14. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition of diisocyanate(s) used in a) comprises at least 95% by weight of the same diisocyanate, relative to the total weight of the composition of diisocyanate(s) used in a).
15. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate used in b) comprises at least 98% by weight of the same diphenylmethylene diisocyanate compound, relative to the total weight of the composition of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate.
16. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the NCO/OH molar ratio during b) is strictly greater than or equal to 1.7.
17. The composition as claimed in claim 10 , comprising:
from 15 to 30% by weight, of NCO-terminated polyurethane,
from 25 to 60% by weight, of at least one filler,
from 0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one crosslinking catalyst,
the percentages by weight being expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.
18. An NCO-terminated polyurethane based on diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, obtained according to the process as defined in claim 1 , said NCO-terminated polyurethane being non-solid at a temperature ranging from 5 to 35° C. and having an elongation at break of greater than or equal to 1000%.