System and methods of locating wireless devices in a volume

1. A system for localizing a transmitting wireless device within a known volume, the system comprising:

N>=2 antennae deployed in N>=2 respective locations at least some of which are located within the known volume, each of the antennae being operative to receive and output a signal from the transmitting wireless device;

at least one analog-to-digital converter operative to convert analog received signals at the output of the antennae to digital sampled received signals; and

a processor operative:

to receive said digital sampled received signals and to compute at least one real time output parameter comprising a function of:

digitally sampled received signals S, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna i; and of

digitally sampled signals, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j and digitally sampled, simultaneously with reception at antenna I and digital sampling of said digitally sampled received signals S,

which function is independent of a power level at which the transmitting device is transmitting,

and to estimate the transmitting wireless device's location within the volume by comparing said at least one real time output parameter to plural reference output parameters respectively having a known correspondence to plural known possible locations within said volume respectively, for at least one pair of antennae i, j from among said N antennae,

wherein said function comprises a probability density function, over time/frequency, of a parameter of

quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.

2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said function comprises a ratio between

quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.

3. A system according to claim 2 , wherein said comparing comprises computing plural distances between said at least one real time output and each of said plural reference outputs respectively.

4. A system according to claim 3 , wherein at least one of said distances is computed using least squares technology.

5. A system according to claim 3 , wherein at least one of said distances is computed by integrating a maximum function of said outputs.

6. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said quality of reception comprises a power level measurement.

7. A system according to claim 6 , wherein said power level measurement comprises an RSSI value.

8. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said transmitting wireless device comprises a cellular device transmitting to a base station other than the N antennae.

9. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said known volume is within a vehicle and said antennae are deployed on board the vehicle.

10. A system according to claim 9 , wherein the vehicle has an interior defining 4 corners and said antennae are deployed at least at said 4 corners.

11. A system according to claim 9 , wherein the vehicle has an interior defining 4 corners and said antennae are deployed at least at some of 4 corners.

12. A system according to claim 9 , wherein the transmitting device is transmitting to a stationary base station external to the vehicle which is moving.

13. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said plural reference outputs are each previously learned by computing an output being said function of:

quality of reception of radiation at antenna i, from a transmitting device deployed at a known location within said volume; and of

simultaneous quality of reception of radiation from the transmitting device at antenna j from the transmitting device deployed at the known location.

14. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said location is estimated by finding plural weights which minimize distance between:

weighted combinations, based on said weights, of the plural reference outputs, and between

the real time output,

and computing a location which is a weighted combination of said plural locations, using said plural weights which minimize distance.

15. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one pair of antennae comprises multiple pairs.

16. A system according to claim 15 , wherein the transmitting device is to be localized within a sub-region inside the volume, and wherein said antennae includes at least first and second antennae (“main antennae”) deployed within said sub-region and at least one (“reference”) antenna deployed externally to said sub-region and wherein said multiple pairs of antennae each include one of the antennae within the sub-region and one of the antennae deployed externally to said sub-region.

17. A system according to claim 15 , wherein said known volume is within a vehicle and said sub-region comprises a quadrant of the vehicle including the driver's seat.

18. A system according to claim 17 , wherein the system also comprises a computerized service provider configured to selectably provide at least one service unsuitable for an end-user who is driving, depending on whether or not the transmitting device is located within the quadrant of the vehicle including the driver's seat.

19. A system according to claim 15 , wherein said function comprises a multi-dimensional probability density function of multiple functions each of said multiple functions relating

quality of reception of radiation from the transmitting device at antenna i; to simultaneous quality of reception of radiation from the transmitting device at antenna j,

for a different pair from among said multiple pairs (i, j) respectively.

20. A computer program product, comprising a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, said computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement a method for localizing a transmitting wireless device within a known volume, the method being practiced in conjunction with N>=2 antennae deployed in N>=2 respective locations at least some of which are located within the known volume, each of the antennae being operative to receive and output a signal from the transmitting wireless device and with at least one analog-to-digital converter operative to convert analog received signals at the output of the antennae to digital sampled received signals, the method comprising:

using a processor to receive said digital sampled received signals and to compute at least one real time output parameter comprising a function of:

digitally sampled received signals S, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna i; and of

digitally sampled signals, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j and digitally sampled, simultaneously with reception at antenna I and digital sampling of said digitally sampled received signals S,

which function is independent of a power level at which the transmitting device is transmitting,

using a processor to estimate the transmitting wireless device's location within the volume by comparing said at least one real time output parameter to plural reference output parameters respectively having a known correspondence to plural known possible locations within said volume respectively,

for at least one pair of antennae i, j from among said N antennae

wherein said function comprises a probability density function, over time/frequency, of a parameter of quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.

21. A computer program product according to claim 20 , wherein said function comprises a ratio between

quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.

22. A method for localizing a transmitting wireless device within a known volume, the method comprising:

providing N>=2 antennae deployed in N>=2 respective locations at least some of which are located within the known volume, each of the antennae being operative to receive and output a signal from the transmitting wireless device and at least one analog-to-digital converter operative to convert analog received signals at the output of the antennae to digital sampled received signals; and

using a processor to receive said digital sampled received signals and to compute at least one real time output parameter comprising a function of:

digitally sampled received signals S, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna i; and of

digitally sampled signals, received from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j and digitally sampled, simultaneously with reception at antenna I and digital sampling of said digitally sampled received signals S,

which function is independent of a power level at which the transmitting device is transmitting,

and to estimate the transmitting wireless device's location within the volume by comparing said at least one real time output parameter to plural reference output parameters respectively having a known correspondence to plural known possible locations within said volume respectively,

for at least one pair of antennae i, j from among said N antennae

wherein said function comprises a probability density function, over time/frequency, of a parameter of quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.

23. A method according to claim 22 , wherein said function comprises a ratio between

quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna I; and

simultaneous quality of reception of transmission from the transmitting wireless device at antenna j.