Electrostatic ink compositions
Disclosed herein is an electrostatic ink composition. The composition may comprise a carrier liquid, which has suspended therein: thermochromic pigment particles having a layer of thermoplastic resin thereon. Method for forming electrostatic ink composition and a substrate having the electrostatic ink composition printed thereon are also disclosed herein.
1. An electrostatic ink composition comprising:
a carrier liquid, which has suspended therein:
thermochromic microcapsules having a layer of thermoplastic resin thereon, the thermochromic microcapsules including a polymeric shell encapsulating a color former, a color developer, and a solvent encapsulated within the polymeric shell, wherein the polymeric shell has a lower melt flow rate than a polymer of the thermoplastic resin.
2. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier liquid has suspended therein a charge director.
3. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises a polymer having acidic side groups.
4. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 3 , wherein the polymer having acidic side groups has a melt flow rate of at least 100 g/10 min.
5. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 4 , wherein the polymer having acidic side groups and having a melt flow rate of at least 100 g/10 min is a co-polymer formed from the polymerisation of ethylene and methacrylic acid.
6. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 1 , wherein the color former comprises a leuco dye and the color developer comprises a proton donor or a proton acceptor.
7. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 6 , wherein the leuco dye is a spirolactone, a fluoran, a spiropyran, or a fulgicide.
8. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 6 , wherein the color developer is the proton donor and the proton donor is bisphenol A, a 1,2,3-triazole derivative, or 4-hydroxycoumarin.
9. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic resin constitutes 70 wt % to 95 wt % of the solids of the electrostatic ink composition.
10. The electrostatic ink composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic microcapsules are present in an amount from 15 wt % to 50 wt % of the total amount of resin and thermochromic microcapsules together.
11. A method of producing the electrostatic ink composition of claim 1 , the method comprising:
providing the carrier liquid having suspended or dissolved therein the thermoplastic resin;
suspending the thermochromic microcapsules in the carrier liquid; and
effecting precipitation of the thermoplastic resin onto the thermochromic microcapsules.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the precipitation is effected by temperature reduction.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the temperature reduction is carried out at a cooling rate of less than or equal to 50° C./hour.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the carrier liquid and the thermoplastic resin are heated to at least the cloud point of the thermoplastic resin in the carrier liquid prior to addition of the thermochromic microcapsules, and before the temperature reduction.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the precipitation is effected by reducing the temperature of the carrier liquid to below the cloud point of the thermoplastic resin in the carrier liquid.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein a charge director is added after precipitation of the thermoplastic resin onto the thermochromic microcapsules.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein high-shear mixing is performed during and/or after the precipitation.