Small molecule inhibitor of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and uses thereof
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH. Other embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of treating cancers using the small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH disclosed herein. Still other embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for using the small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH to study serine metabolism.
1. A compound of the formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
R 2 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
X 1 is O or S;
R 3 is —NR 6 R 7 or —OR 6 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are each, independently, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and
R 5 is halo or —SR 8 , wherein R 8 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or —C≡N.
2. The compound as in claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein X 1 is S.
3. The compound as in claim 2 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
4. The compound as in claim 3 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl is furanyl.
5. The compound as in claim 2 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
6. The compound as in claim 2 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 2 is hydrogen.
7. The compound as in claim 6 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 3 is —OR 6 and R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.
8. The compound as in claim 7 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.
9. The compound as in claim 7 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 5 is —SR 8 .
10. The compound as in claim 9 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R 8 is —C≡N.
11. The compound as in claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which is selected from the group consisting of:
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
13. A method for treating breast, bone, ovarian, stomach, lung, and pancreatic cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
14. A method of inhibiting 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) in a cellular environment comprising contacting the cellular environment with an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
R 2 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
X 1 is O or S;
R 3 is —NR 6 R 7 or —OR 6 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are each, independently, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and
R 5 is hydrogen, halo, —C≡N or —SR 8 , wherein R 8 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or —C≡N.
15. The method as in claim 14 , wherein X 1 is S.
16. The method as in claim 15 , wherein R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
17. The method as in claim 14 , wherein R 5 is —SR 8 .
18. The method as in claim 17 , wherein R 5 is —C≡N.
19. A compound of the formula (I), as in claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is at least 4-fold, at least 10-fold, or at least 100-fold more selective for PHGDH than other NAD(P) + dependent dehydrogenases.
20. The compound of claim 19 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the other NAD(P) + dependent dehydrogenases are selected from the group consisting of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), diaphorase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1).
21. A method for inhibiting 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) in a cellular environment comprising cells having a PHGDH expression level of from about 7 to about 13 comprising contacting the cellular environment with one or more of the compounds of the formula (I), as in claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.