High strength steel sheet having excellent formability and a method of manufacturing the steel sheet
A cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet is provided. The steel sheet includes a composition including 0.17%≤carbon≤0.24%, 1.9%≤manganese≤2.2%, 0.5%≤aluminum≤1.2%, 0.5%≤silicon≤1%, Si+Al≥1.3%, 0.05%≤chromium≤0.2%, 0.015%≤niobium≤0.03%, sulphur≤0.003%, phosphorus≤0.03% and optionally 0.005%≤titanium≤0.05%, 0.001%≤molybdenum≤0.05%, a remainder of the composition including iron and the unavoidable impurities. A microstructure of the coated steel sheet includes, in area fraction, 10 to 20% residual austenite, said austenite phase having a carbon content between 0.9 to 1.1%, 40 to 55% polygonal ferrite, 15 to 40% granular bainite and at least 5% tempered martensite, a sum of tempered martensite and residual austenite being between 20 to 30%. A method is also provided.
1. A coated steel sheet with a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
0.17%≤carbon≤0.24%,
1.9%≤manganese≤2.2%,
0.5%≤silicon≤1%,
0.5%≤aluminum≤1.2%,
Si+Al≥1.3%,
0.05%≤chromium≤0.2%,
0.015%≤niobium≤0.03%,
sulphur≤0.004%,
phosphorus≤0.03%,
optionally containing one or more of the following elements:
0.005%≤Ti≤0.05%,
0.001%≤Mo≤0.05%, and
a remainder including Fe and unavoidable impurities resulting from smelting;
a microstructure of the coated steel sheet comprising, in area fraction, 10 to 20% residual austenite, the austenite phase having a carbon content between 0.9 to 1.1%, 40 to 55% polygonal ferrite, 15 to 40% granular bainite and at least 5% tempered martensite, a sum of tempered martensite and residual austenite being between 20 to 30%;
wherein the coated steel sheet has a tensile strength between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa and a hole expansion ratio between 18% and 23%.
2. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the composition of the steel includes by weight 0.7%≤Si≤0.9%.
3. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the composition of the steel includes by weight 0.7%≤Al≤0.9%.
4. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the sum of silicon and aluminum is greater than 1.4%.
5. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon and silicon contents are such that C+Si/10≤0.30%.
6. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminum, carbon and manganese contents are such that Al≥6(C+Mn/10)−2.5%.
7. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the sum of residual austenite and tempered martensite is between 25% and 30%.
8. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the steel has a mean tempered martensite fraction (TM*) and a tempered martensite fraction (TM) measured on any area of 50×50 μm 2 in the steel sheet, such that: |(TM)−(TM*)|≤1.5%.
9. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the steel has a uniform elongation greater than or equal to 17%.
10. The steel sheet according to claim 9 , wherein the steel has a yield strength above 550 MPa and a ratio of yield strength to tensile strength of 0.60 or greater.
11. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the steel sheet is hot dip galvanized.
12. A method of manufacturing a coated steel sheet comprising the following successive steps:
providing a semi-finished product with a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
0.17%≤carbon≤0.24%,
1.9%≤manganese≤2.2%,
0.5%≤silicon≤1%,
0.5%≤aluminum≤1.2%,
Si+Al≥1.3%,
0.05%≤chromium≤0.2%,
0.015%≤niobium≤0.03%,
sulphur≤0.004%,
phosphorus≤0.03%,
optionally containing one or more of the following elements:
0.005%≤Ti≤0.05%,
0.001%≤Mo≤0.05%, and
a remainder including Fe and unavoidable impurities resulting from smelting;
reheating the semi-finished product to a temperature between 1000° C. and 1280° C.;
rolling the semi-finished product completely in the austenitic range wherein a hot rolling finishing temperature is greater than or equal to 850° C. to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
cooling the hot rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of 35 to 55° C./s to a coiling temperature less than or equal to 580° C.; and coiling the hot rolled sheet;
cooling the hot rolled sheet to room temperature;
pickling the hot rolled steel sheet;
cold rolling the hot rolled steel sheet to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet; then
continuously annealing the cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of 1 to 20° C./s up to a soaking temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 at a duration less than 600 s; then
cooling the sheet at a rate greater than 25° C./s to a temperature between 400 and 480° C.;
holding the cold rolled steel sheet for a duration of 20 to 250 seconds;
coating the cold-rolled steel sheet by hot dipping in a zinc or zinc alloy bath;
cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to room temperature; then
batch annealing the coated cold rolled steel sheet at a rate between 1° C./s to 20° C./s to a soaking temperature of 170 to 350° C. for a duration of 12 to 250 h, and then cooling the sheet down to room temperature.
13. The method of production of a coated steel sheet according to claim 12 , wherein the coiling temperature is lower than a bainite transformation start temperature Bs.
14. The method of production of a coated steel sheet according to claim 12 , wherein the soaking temperature is between 780° C. and 900° C., and soaking is performed for 10 to 600 s.
15. The method of production of a coated steel sheet according to claim 12 , wherein the sheet is cooled at a cooling rate greater than 30° C./s after continuous annealing to a temperature between 400° C. to 480° C.
16. The method of production of a coated steel sheet according to claim 15 , wherein the steel sheet is cooled at a cooling rate less than 20° C./s after being coated in a zinc or zinc alloy bath.
17. The method of production of a coated steel sheet according to claim 12 , wherein the steel sheet is batch annealed between 170° C. and 250° C. for 12 to 30 h.
18. The steel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet consists of residual austenite, polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and tempered martensite.
19. A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with a composition comprising the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
17%≤carbon≤0.24%,
1.9%≤manganese≤2.2%,
0.5%≤silicon≤1%,
0.5%≤aluminum≤1.2%,
Si+Al≥1.3%,
0.05%≤chromium≤0.2%,
0.015%≤niobium≤0.03%,
sulphur≤0.004%,
phosphorus≤0.03%,
optionally containing one or more of the following elements:
0.005%≤Ti≤0.05%,
0.001%≤Mo≤0.05%, and
a remainder consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from smelting,
a microstructure of the hot dip galvanized steel sheet comprising, in area fraction, 10 to 20% residual austenite, the austenite phase having a carbon content between 0.9 to 1.1%, 40 to 55% of polygonal ferrite, 15 to 40% granular bainite and at least 5% of tempered martensite, the hot dip galvanized steel being free from non tempered martensite, the sum of tempered martensite and residual austenite being between 20 to 30%,
the hot dip galvanized steel sheet having an ultimate tensile strength between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa, a total elongation of 17% or more and a hole expansion ratio between 18% and 23%, as measured in accordance with ISO standard 16630:2009.
20. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the composition of the steel includes by weight 0.7%≤Si≤0.9%.
21. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the composition of the steel includes by weight 0.7%≤Al≤0.9%.
22. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the sum of silicon and aluminum is greater than 1.4%.
23. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the carbon and silicon contents are such that C+Si/10≤0.30%.
24. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the aluminum, carbon and manganese contents are such that Al≥6(C+Mn/10)−2.5%.
25. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the sum of residual austenite and tempered martensite is between 25% and 30%.
26. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the steel has a mean tempered martensite fraction (TM*) and a tempered martensite fraction (TM) measured on any area of 50×50 μm 2 in the steel sheet, such that: |(TM)−(TM*)|≤1.5%.
27. The steel sheet according to claim 19 , wherein the steel has a yield strength above 550 MPa and a ratio of yield strength to tensile strength of 0.60 or greater.