Transparent pane
A transparent pane comprising a transparent substrate and an electrically conductive coating on a surface of the transparent substrate is disclosed. The electrically conductive coating comprises four functional layers arranged one atop another. Each functional layer comprises a layer of optically highly refractive material with a refractive index >1.3, a first matching layer above the layer of optically highly refractive material, an electrically conductive layer above the first matching layer, and a second matching layer above the electrically conductive layer. The layer thickness of each conductive layer can be 5 nm to 25 nm and the total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers can be 20 nm to 100 nm.
1. A transparent pane, comprising:
a transparent substrate; and
an electrically conductive coating on a surface of the transparent substrate,
wherein the electrically conductive coating comprises four functional layers arranged one atop another,
wherein each functional layer includes
a layer of optically highly refractive material with a refractive index >1.3,
a first matching layer above the layer of optically highly refractive material,
an electrically conductive layer above the first matching layer, and
a second matching layer above the electrically conductive layer,
wherein the layer thickness of each electrically conductive layer is from 5 nm to 25 nm and a total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is from 20 nm to 100 nm,
wherein the layer of optically highly refractive material arranged between two electrically conductive layers includes
a layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than or equal to 2.1, and
a layer of an optically highly refractive material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1, and
wherein a further layer of optically highly refractive material with a refractive index >1.9 arranged above an uppermost functional layer.
2. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the layer of optically highly refractive material is from 10 nm to 100 nm.
3. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index of the layer of optically highly refractive material with the refractive index >1.3 is greater than or equal to 1.9.
4. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the layer of optically highly refractive material arranged between the two electrically conductive layers is from 20 nm to 100 nm.
5. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the layer of optically highly refractive material with the refractive index >1.3 comprises silicon nitride.
6. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the layer of optically highly refractive material arranged between two electrically conductive layers comprises a mixed silicon/zirconium nitride.
7. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein, between the two electrically conductive layers, a smoothing layer is arranged below one of the matching layers.
8. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises silver or a silver-containing alloy.
9. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein a functional layer, has a blocker layer adjacent to the electrically conductive layer and the blocker layer includes nickel, chromium, or alloys thereof.
10. The transparent pane of claim 9 , wherein the blocker layer has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 5 nm.
11. The transparent pane of claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate is joined to a second pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer to form a composite pane and wherein the composite pane has a total transmittance of greater than 70%.
12. A method of producing a transparent pane with an electrically conductive coating, comprising:
applying four functional layers successively on a transparent substrate;
wherein the step of applying each functional layer includes
applying a layer of optically highly refractive material with a refractive index larger than 1.3 on the transparent substrate,
applying a first matching layer above the layer of optically highly refractive material,
applying an electrically conductive layer above the first matching layer, and
applying a second matching layer above the electrically conductive layer;
applying a layer of dielectric material with a refractive index less than or equal to 2.1 between two electrically conductive layers;
applying a layer of an optically highly refractive material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 between the two electrically conductive layers; and
arranging a further layer of optically highly refractive material with a refractive index larger than 1.9 above an uppermost functional layer,
wherein the layer thickness of each conductive layer is from 5 nm to 25 nm and a total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is from 20 nm to 100 nm.
13. A method of using a transparent pane, comprising:
providing a transparent pane according to claim 1 ; and
using the transparent pane as a windshield in motor vehicles.