Purification and decolorization of polymers
Methods according to the present invention decolorize a polymer by mixing a solution of the polymer with a photocatalyst and exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light; by way of non-limiting example, the polymer may be a star polymer and the photocatalyst may be titanium dioxide. Methods according to the present invention also utilize a metal scavenger, in some embodiments a solid-phase metal scavenger, to remove a metal catalyst from a polymer solution; by way of non-limiting example, the metal catalyst may be a tin catalyst. The decolorization methods and the catalyst removal methods of the present invention may be practiced separately, sequentially in any order, or simultaneously.
1. A method for preparing a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, comprising:
(a) adding a metal scavenger to the polymer composition to form a complex with a metal contaminant in the polymer composition;
(b) separating the metal scavenger and metal contaminant complex from the polymer;
(c) adding a photocatalyst to the polymer composition;
(d) exposing the polymer composition to ultraviolet (UV) light to remove color from the polymer composition; and
(e) separating the photocatalyst from the polymer composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the photocatalyst is titanium dioxide, wherein the titanium dioxide comprises at least one of anatase and rutile.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a mass ratio of anatase to rutile in the titanium dioxide is between about 1:9 and about 9:1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UV light has a wavelength of between about 100 nanometers and about 450 nanometers.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap of at least about 3.0 eV.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to the step of adding the photocatalyst, the polymer composition has a color of about USP T, about USP S, about USP R, about USP Q, about USP P, about USP O, about USP N, about USP M, about USP L, or about USP K on the United States Pharmacopeia color scale, or a color of about B 1 , about B 2 , about B 3 , about B 4 , about BY 1 , about BY 2 , about BY 3 , about Y 1 , about Y 2 , or about Y 3 on the European Pharmacopoeia color scale.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein after the exposing step, the polymer composition has a color of about USP A, about USP B, about USP C, about USP D, about USP E, about USP F, about USP G, about USP H, about USP I, or about USP J on the United States Pharmacopeia color scale, or a color of about Y 7 , about Y 6 , about Y 8 , about BY 7 , about BY 6 , about BY 5 , about B 9 , about B 8 , about B 7 , or about B 6 on the European Pharmacopoeia color scale.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a linear polymer, a branched polymer, a graft polymer, a star polymer, a comb polymer, a brush polymer, a polymer network, and a dendrimer.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising recovering the polymer from the polymer composition.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of metal contaminant in the polymer composition before the step of adding the metal scavenger is greater than about 450 ppm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of metal contaminant in the polymer composition after the step of separating the metal scavenger is less than about 20 ppm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of metal contaminant in the polymer composition after the step of separating the metal scavenger is no more than about 1% of the amount of metal contaminant in the polymer composition before the step of adding the metal scavenger.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal scavenger is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon and a metal scavenger chelating agent.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metal scavenger is a solid-phase metal scavenger.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metal scavenger consists of either an acidic metal scavenger chelating agent alone, or an acidic metal scavenger chelating agent and a non-acidic metal scavenger chelating agent.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining the polymer composition with a pharmaceutical agent to form a pharmaceutical composition suitable for administration to a patient.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the pharmaceutical agent is a peptide- or protein-based pharmaceutical agent.