Material sets
The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water, a carbon black pigment, and a water-soluble co-solvent in an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %. The detailing agent can include water and a black dye. In another example, a material set can include a fusing agent and a thermoplastic polymer powder.
1. A material set, comprising:
a fusing agent, comprising:
water,
a first energy absorber including a carbon black pigment, wherein the carbon black pigment is in the form of a dispersion of carbon black pigment particles, and
a water soluble co-solvent present in the fusing agent at an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %, wherein the co-solvent consists of 2-pyrrolidone and triethylene glycol, wherein the fusing agent comprises about 10 wt % triethylene glycol and; and
a thermoplastic polymer powder.
2. The material set of claim 1 , further comprising a detailing agent that includes water and a second energy absorber including a black dye.
3. The material set of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer powder comprises polyamide-6 powder, polyamide-9 powder, polyamide-11 powder, polyamide-12 powder, polyamide-66 powder, polyamide-612 powder, thermoplastic polyurethane powder, polypropylene powder, polyester powder, polycarbonate powder, polyether ketone powder, polyacrylate powder, or a combination thereof.
4. The material set of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer powder has an average particle size from 10 microns to 200 microns.
5. The material set of claim 1 , wherein the carbon black pigment is present in the fusing agent at an amount from 3 wt % to 10 wt %.
6. The material set of claim 1 , wherein the 2-pyrrolidone is present in an amount from 10 wt % to 40 wt % with respect to the total weight of the fusing agent.
7. The material set of claim 1 , wherein the fusing agent comprises from 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt % of a first anti-kogation additive, wherein the first anti-kogation additive includes a polyacrylate.
8. The material set of claim 7 , wherein the first anti-kogation additive includes a chelation agent.
9. The material set of claim 8 , wherein the fusing agent comprises from 0.4 wt % to 0.5 wt % of a second anti-kogation additive, wherein the first and second anti-kogation additives are different.
10. A material set, comprising:
a fusing agent capable of fusing a thermoplastic polymer powder in response to electromagnetic radiation, the fusing agent comprising:
water,
a first energy absorber including a carbon black pigment, wherein the carbon black pigment is in the form of a dispersion of carbon black pigment particles, and
a water soluble co-solvent present in the fusing agent at an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %, wherein the co-solvent consists of 2-pyrrolidone and triethylene glycol, wherein the fusing agent comprises about 10 wt % triethylene glycol and; and
a detailing agent, comprising:
water, and
a second energy absorber including a black dye.
11. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the fusing agent further comprises a dispersant that disperses the carbon black pigment in the fusing agent.
12. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the carbon black pigment has an average aggregate particle size from 60 nm to 200 nm.
13. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the carbon black pigment is present in the fusing agent at an amount from 3 wt % to 10 wt %.
14. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the 2-pyrrolidone is present in an amount from 10 wt % to 40 wt % with respect to the total weight of the fusing agent.
15. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the detailing agent further comprises a cyan dye.
16. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the first energy absorber is different than the second energy absorber.
17. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the second energy absorber is devoid of carbon black pigment.
18. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the fusing agent includes a concentration of the second energy absorber that is less than a concentration of the first energy absorber.
19. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the fusing agent includes a third energy absorber that is different than the first energy absorber.
20. The material set of claim 10 , wherein the first energy absorber includes a near-infrared absorbing dye, a near-infrared absorbing pigment, a tungsten bronze, a molybdenum bronze, metal nanoparticles, conjugated polymers, or combinations thereof.