Photoluminescent material sets
The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3-dimensional printing, 3-dimensional printing systems, and 3-dimensional printed parts. A material set can include a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 μm to 100 μm, a photoluminescent ink including a photoluminescent agent, and a fusing ink. The fusing ink can include a fusing agent capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.
1. A photoluminescent material set, comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 μm to 100 μm;
a photoluminescent ink comprising a photoluminescent agent, wherein the photoluminescent agent photoexcites within an ultraviolet (UV) range, but not within a visible range, and photoluminesces within the visible range; and
a fusing ink comprising a fusing agent capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.
2. The photoluminescent material set of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer powder is a nylon, a thermoplastic elastomer, a urethane, a polycarbonate, a polystyrene, or a combination thereof.
3. The photoluminescent material set of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescent agent comprises a photoluminescent pigment, a photoluminescent dye, a quantum dot, a photoluminescent nanoparticle, a photoluminescent microparticle, or a combination thereof.
4. The photoluminescent material set of claim 3 , wherein photoluminescent agent is the quantum dot which has a particle size of from 2 nm to 10 nm.
5. The photoluminescent material set of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescent agent is present in the photoluminescent ink at from 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.
6. The photoluminescent material set of claim 1 , wherein the fusing agent comprises carbon black, a near-infrared absorbing dye, a near-infrared absorbing pigment, a tungsten bronze, a molybdenum bronze, metal nanoparticles, a conjugated polymer, or a combination thereof.
7. A 3-dimensional printing system, comprising:
a powder bed comprising a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 μm to 100 μm;
an inkjet printer comprising:
a first inkjet pen in communication with a reservoir of a photoluminescent ink to print the photoluminescent ink onto the powder bed, wherein the photoluminescent ink comprises a photoluminescent agent that photoexcites within an ultraviolet (UV) range, but not within a visible range, and photoluminesces within the visible range, and
a second inkjet pen in communication with a reservoir of a fusing ink to print the fusing ink onto the powder bed, wherein the fusing ink comprises a fusing agent capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat; and
a fusing lamp to expose the powder bed to electromagnetic radiation sufficient to fuse thermoplastic polymer powder that has been printed with the photoluminescent ink, the fusing ink, or both.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer powder is a nylon, a thermoplastic elastomer, a urethane, a polycarbonate, a polystyrene, a combination thereof.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the photoluminescent agent comprises a photoluminescent pigment, a photoluminescent dye, a quantum dot, a photoluminescent nanoparticle, a photoluminescent microparticle, or a combination thereof.
10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is infrared or near-infrared radiation.
11. The system of claim 7 , wherein the fusing agent comprises carbon black, a near-infrared absorbing dye, a near-infrared absorbing pigment, a tungsten bronze, a molybdenum bronze, metal nanoparticles, a conjugated polymer, or a combination thereof.
12. A 3-dimensional printed part, comprising:
a part body comprising multiple layers of fused thermoplastic polymer powder; and
a photoluminescent composite layer applied to a surface of the part body, the photoluminescent composite layer comprising a photoluminescent agent dispersed in a matrix of fused thermoplastic polymer powder, wherein the photoluminescent agent is present both beneath and at a surface of the photoluminescent composite layer, and wherein the photoluminescent agent photoexcites within an ultraviolet (UV) range, but not within a visible range, and photoluminesces within the visible range.
13. The 3-dimensional printed part of claim 12 , wherein the photoluminescent composite layer has a thickness from 20 μm to 150 μm, and the photoluminescent agent extends into the photoluminescent composite layer to a depth of greater than 20% of the thickness.
14. The 3-dimensional printed part of claim 12 , wherein the photoluminescent composite layer absorbs electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength less than 302 nm and photoluminesces at a wavelength from 302 nm to 700 nm.
15. The 3-dimensional printed part of claim 12 , wherein the photoluminescent agent comprises a photoluminescent pigment, a photoluminescent dye, a quantum dot, a photoluminescent nanoparticle, a photoluminescent microparticle, or a combination thereof.