Differentiation method
The invention relates to differentiation methods for progenitor cells, e.g. mammalian epithelial stem cells, differentiation media for use in said methods, organoids and cells obtainable by said methods and uses, including therapeutic uses, thereof.
1. A method for differentiating liver progenitor cells, wherein said method comprises:
culturing the cells in a differentiation medium comprising a basal medium, one or more receptor tyrosine kinase ligands, a Notch inhibitor, a glucocorticoid, a TGF-beta inhibitor, one or more Wnt inhibitors, and a Wnt agonist, wherein the Wnt agonist is a GSK-3 inhibitor, and wherein the one or more Wnt inhibitors comprises an inhibitor that acts downstream of the β-catenin destruction complex, and
obtaining and/or isolating a differentiated liver cell population or a differentiated liver organoid.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor that acts downstream of the β-catenin destruction complex is an inhibitor of β-catenin target gene expression.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Wnt inhibitor of β catenin target gene expression is selected from iCRT3, CGP049090, PKF 118310, PKF 115 584, ZTM000990, PNU 74654, BC21, iCRT5, iCRT14, and FH535.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein inhibitor of β-catenin target gene expression is an inhibitor of the β-catenin:TCF/Lef transcription complex or an inhibitor of the hi stone deacetylase SIRT1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GSK-3 inhibitor is selected from CHIR99021, 6-BIO, Dibromocantharelline, Hymenialdesine, Indirubins, Meridianins, CT98014, CT98023, CT99021, TWS119, SB-216763, SB-41528, AR-A014418, AZD-1080, Alsterpaullone, Cazpaullone, Kenpaullone, Aloisines, Manzamine A, Palinurine, Tricantine, TDZD-8, NP00111, NP031115, Tideglusib, HMK-32 and L803-mts.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiation medium further comprises an AP-1 stimulant.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the AP-1 stimulant is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist is acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol, oxotremorine, or pilocarpine.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) said one or more receptor tyrosine kinase ligands comprises one or more, or all, of a ligand for RTK class I (EGF receptor family) (ErbB family), a ligand for RTK class IV (FGF receptor family), and a ligand for RTK class VI (HGF receptor family);
(b) said Notch inhibitor is a gamma-secretase inhibitor;
(c) said glucocorticoid is selected from: dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, beclomethasone, and fludrocortisone acetate;
and/or
(d) said TGF-beta inhibitor is an inhibitor of ALK4, ALK5 or ALK7.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said one or more receptor tyrosine kinase ligands are selected from epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the gamma-secretase inhibitor is DAPT, dibenzazepine (DBZ), benzodiazepine (BZ), or LY-411575.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein said TGF-beta inhibitor is selected from A83-01, SB-431542, SB-505124, SB-525334, LY 364947, SD-208, and SJN 2511.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said differentiation medium comprises:
EGF, FGF19 and HGF as receptor tyrosine kinase ligands,
DAPT as a Notch inhibitor,
IWP2 and iCRT3 as Wnt inhibitor,
dexamethasone as glucocorticoid,
CHIR99021 as GSK-3 inhibitor,
and carbachol as AP-1 stimulant.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) said differentiation medium further comprises a BMP pathway activator;
(b) said differentiation medium further comprises gastrin; and/or
(c) said differentiation medium further comprises one or more components selected from: B27, B27 without retinoic acid, and N2.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the BMP pathway activator is selected from one or more of BMP7, BMP4, and BMP2.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are cultured in contact with an extracellular matrix.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liver progenitor cells are mammalian liver progenitor cells.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mammalian liver progenitor cells are human liver progenitor cells.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiation medium further comprises one or more additional Wnt inhibitors selected from: (1) an inhibitor of Wnt secretion, (2) a competitive or non-competitive inhibitor of the interaction between Wnt or Rspondin and the Wnt receptor complex, (3) an inhibitor that promotes the degradation of components of the Wnt receptor complex, (4) an inhibitor of Dishevelled family proteins, (5) an activator that promotes destruction complex activity, (6) an inhibitor of the deoligomerisation of the destruction complex, and/or (7) an inhibitor of β-catenin target gene expression.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the inhibitor of Wnt secretion is a Porc inhibitor selected from IWP-2, LGK974, and/or IWP-1.