Alkane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH)
Processes and associated reaction systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably ethane or propane, more preferably ethane, are provided. In particular, a process is provided that comprises supplying a feed gas comprising the alkane and oxygen to a reactor vessel that comprises an upstream and downstream catalyst bed; contacting the feed gas with an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the upstream catalyst bed, followed by contact with an oxidative dehydrogenation/oxygen removal catalyst in the downstream catalyst bed, to yield a reactor effluent comprising the alkene; and supplying an upstream coolant to an upstream shell space of the reactor vessel from an upstream coolant circuit and a downstream coolant to a downstream shell space of the reactor vessel from a downstream coolant circuit.
1. A process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms to an alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms comprising:
supplying a feed gas comprising the alkane and oxygen to an inlet of a reactor vessel, the reactor vessel comprising a reactor shell, a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within an interior of the reactor shell, and a perforated partition that divides the interior of the reactor vessel into an upstream region and a downstream region, wherein the plurality of reactor tubes comprise:
(i) an upstream catalyst bed positioned within the upstream region that comprises an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst which is a mixed metal oxide catalyst comprising tellurium, and
(ii) a downstream catalyst bed positioned within the downstream region that comprises an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst which is a mixed metal oxide catalyst not comprising tellurium;
contacting the feed gas with the oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the upstream catalyst bed, followed by contact with the oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the downstream catalyst bed, wherein the process is operated such that the upstream catalyst bed is in an oxidizing environment, a majority of the oxygen is consumed in the upstream catalyst bed and the downstream catalyst bed has a reduced oxygen concentration compared to the upstream catalyst bed, to yield a reactor effluent comprising the alkene; and
supplying an upstream coolant to an upstream shell space of the reactor vessel from an upstream coolant circuit and a downstream coolant to a downstream shell space of the reactor vessel from a downstream coolant circuit.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the upstream catalyst bed has a catalyst bed height that is from 50 to 99% of the reactor tube length and the downstream catalyst bed has a catalyst bed height that is from 1% to 50% of the reactor tube length.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the upstream coolant is supplied to the upstream shell space of the reactor vessel at a temperature of from 250° C. to 400° C.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor effluent comprises no more than 500 ppmv of oxygen.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst comprising tellurium in the upstream catalyst bed has the following formula:
Mo 1 V a Te b Nb c O n
wherein:
a, b, c and n represent the ratio of the molar amount of the element in question to the molar amount of molybdenum;
a is from 0.01 to 1;
b is from >0 to 1;
c is from >0 to 1; and
n is a number which is determined by the valency and frequency of elements other than oxygen.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the downstream catalyst bed has one of the following formulas:
Mo 1 V a Sb b Nb c A d O n ; a)
Mo 1 V a Sb b Nb c O n ; b)
Mo 1 V a Sb b A d O n ; or c)
Mo 1 V a Sb b O n ; d)
wherein:
A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Cu, Ag and Fe;
a, b, c, d and n represent the ratio of the molar amount of the element in question to the molar amount of molybdenum;
a is from 0.01 to 1;
b is from >0 to 1;
c is from >0 to 1;
d is from >0 to 0.3; and
n (for O) is a number which is determined by the valency and frequency of elements other than oxygen.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms is ethane or propane and the alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms is ethylene or propylene.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms is ethane and the alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms is ethylene.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the downstream coolant is supplied to the downstream shell space of the reactor vessel at a temperature of from 300° C. to 500° C.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of oxygen in the reactor effluent is at most 500 parts per million by volume (ppmv), based on the total volume of the reactor effluent, and wherein the feed gas at the inlet of the reactor vessel comprises from 5 to 35 vol. % of oxygen, relative to the total volume of the feed gas.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the downstream catalyst bed has a catalyst bed height which is at most 30% of the reactor tube length.