Textile printing
Herein is described a method of printing on a textile substrate. The method may comprise: a. applying a primer comprising a cross-linkable primer resin onto a surface of the textile substrate to form a primer layer; b. electrophotographically printing onto the primer layer an electrostatic ink composition comprising a cross-linkable thermoplastic resin to form a printed layer; c. applying a cross-linking composition comprising a cross-linking agent to the printed layer, wherein i. the cross-linking agent penetrates into at least the electrostatic ink composition and the primer layer; and/or ii. the cross-linking agent is a non-isocyanate agent; and d. activating the cross-linking agent. Printed textiles are also described.
1. A method of printing on a textile substrate, the method comprising:
a. applying a primer comprising a cross-linkable primer resin onto a surface of the textile substrate to form a primer layer;
b. electrophotographically printing onto the primer layer an electrostatic ink composition comprising a cross-linkable thermoplastic resin to form a printed layer;
c. applying a cross-linking composition comprising a cross-linking agent to the printed layer, wherein
i. the cross-linking agent penetrates into at least the electrostatic ink composition and the primer layer; and/or
ii. the cross-linking agent is a non-isocyanate agent; and
d. activating the cross-linking agent.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linkable primer resin comprises a carboxylic functional group, an amine functional group or a polyol functional group.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linkable thermoplastic resin comprises alkylene acrylic or methacrylic acid resins, polyurethane resins, polyethylene imine resins, polyamide resins, polyvinyl alcohol or combinations thereof and/or wherein the cross-linkable thermoplastic resin comprises a polymer having acidic side groups.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic ink composition is a liquid electrostatic ink composition.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent penetrates into at least the electrostatic ink composition and the primer layer and the cross-linking agent is an epoxy-based cross-linking agent, an aziridine-based cross-linking agent, an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent, or a carbodiimide-based cross-linking agent.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent penetrates into at least the electrostatic ink composition and the primer layer and the cross-linking composition does not contain any cross-linkable resin.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent penetrates into at least the electrostatic ink composition and the primer layer and the cross-linking composition comprises 0.5 wt % to 30 wt % cross-linking agent by total weight of the cross-linking composition, the remaining wt % being a carrier solvent.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the textile substrate comprises a network of natural or synthetic fibres that may or may not be woven or knit.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an over print varnish is or is not applied and wherein if an over print varnish is applied, the over print varnish is applied after the cross-linking composition is applied and it may be applied before or after the activation of the cross-linking agent.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent is a non-isocyanate agent and the cross-linking composition comprises the non-isocyanate agent and an over print varnish resin.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the over print varnish resin comprises an acrylate resin, a polyurethane resin or a nitrocellulose resin.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the non-isocyanate agent comprises an epoxy-based cross-linking agent, an aziridine-based cross-linking agent, or a carbodiimide-based cross-linking agent.