Friction stir spot welding method and friction stir spot welding apparatus
A friction stir spot welding method according to one aspect of the present invention includes: performing a plunging process of moving a shoulder ( 28 ) toward a second workpiece ( 102 ) from a first workpiece ( 101 ) side while rotating a rotary tool to plunge the shoulder into the first and second workpieces; and performing a backfilling process of pushing stirred materials that have flowed into an inside of the shoulder in the plunging process out of the shoulder and backfilling a plunging hole with the stirred materials, the plunging hole being formed by the plunging of the shoulder. In the plunging process, the shoulder is plunged to a position that is shifted from a boundary between the first workpiece and the second workpiece to the second workpiece side by 1 mm or more, such that a component of a protective layer ( 104 ) is concentrated in a central portion of a stirred portion ( 105 ) when the backfilling process is completed.
1. A friction stir spot welding method that is a refill friction stir spot welding method of joining a first workpiece and a second workpiece together by friction stir spot welding by using a rotary tool that includes a cylindrical shoulder and a columnar pin movable within the shoulder, the first workpiece and the second workpiece being such that a protective layer is formed on a joint surface of at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece,
the friction stir spot welding method comprising:
performing a plunging process of moving the shoulder toward the second workpiece from the first workpiece side while rotating the rotary tool to plunge the shoulder into the first and second workpieces, such that a material of the first workpiece and a material of the second workpiece are partly stirred to form a stirred portion, and concurrently, a component of the protective layer flows into an inside of the shoulder together with other stirred materials; and
performing a backfilling process of pushing the stirred materials that have flowed into the inside of the shoulder in the plunging process out of the shoulder by the pin while rotating the rotary tool, and concurrently, moving the shoulder backward to backfill a plunging hole with the stirred materials, the plunging hole being formed by the plunging of the shoulder, wherein
in the plunging process, the shoulder is plunged to a position that is beyond a boundary between the first workpiece and the second workpiece to the second workpiece side by 1 mm or more resulting in in a proportion of the component of the protective layer being higher in a central portion of the stirred portion than an outer peripheral portion of the stirred portion after the backfilling process is completed.
2. The friction stir spot welding method according to claim 1 , wherein
a surface pressure of the shoulder against the stirred portion in the backfilling process is set to be lower than the surface pressure of the shoulder against the stirred portion in the plunging process.
3. The friction stir spot welding method according to claim 1 , wherein
in the backfilling process, the shoulder is pressed against the stirred portion at a surface pressure of 90 to 175 MPa.
4. A friction stir spot welding apparatus for joining a first workpiece and a second workpiece by friction stir spot welding, the first workpiece and the second workpiece being such that a protective layer is formed on a joint surface of at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece,
the friction stir spot welding apparatus comprising:
a rotary tool that includes a cylindrical shoulder and a columnar pin movable within the shoulder; and
a controller configured to control the rotary tool, wherein
the controller:
moves the shoulder toward the second workpiece from the first workpiece side while rotating the rotary tool to plunge the shoulder into the first and second workpieces, such that a material of the first workpiece and a material of the second workpiece are partly stirred to form a stirred portion, and concurrently, a component of the protective layer flows into an inside of the shoulder together with other stirred materials; and then
causes the pin to push the stirred materials that have flowed into the inside of the shoulder out of the shoulder while rotating the rotary tool, and concurrently, moves the shoulder backward to backfill a plunging hole with the stirred materials, the plunging hole being formed by the plunging of the shoulder, and
when forming the stirred portion, the controller plunges the shoulder to a position that is beyond a boundary between the first workpiece and the second workpiece to the second workpiece side by 1 mm or more resulting in a proportion of the component of the protective layer being higher in a central portion of the stirred portion than an outer peripheral portion of the stirred portion after the plunging hole is backfilled with the stirred materials.