Alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells system having a bi-polar plate
The invention relates to a system and method of operating alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells in a bipolar configuration. The system ( 400 ) may include a first fuel cell ( 300 A) and a second fuel cell ( 300 B) adjacent to the first fuel cell. Each of the first and second fuel cells may include: a cathode configured to generate hydroxide ions from water, oxygen and electrons, an anode configured to generate water and electrons from the hydroxide ions and hydrogen received from a hydrogen source, and an alkaline exchange membrane configured to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode to the anode, and to transfer water from a vicinity of the anode to a vicinity of the cathode. The first fuel cell ( 300 A) and a second fuel cell ( 300 B) are connected by a porous bipolar plate ( 430 A) positioned inbetween. A pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate may drop from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell ( 300 A) to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell ( 300 B) so that water may be transferred from the anode of the first fuel cell ( 300 A) to the cathode of the second fuel cell ( 300 B).
1. A system comprising:
a first fuel cell;
a second fuel cell adjacent to the first fuel cell,
wherein each of the first and second fuel cells comprises:
a cathode configured to generate hydroxide ions from water, oxygen and electrons;
an anode configured to generate water and electrons from the hydroxide ions and hydrogen received from a hydrogen source; and
an alkaline exchange membrane configured to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode to the anode, and to transfer water from a vicinity of the anode to a vicinity of the cathode; and
a first bi-polar plate located between the anode of the first fuel cell and the cathode of the second fuel cell and configured to transfer excess water from the vicinity of the anode of the first fuel cell to the vicinity of the cathode of the second fuel cell,
wherein a pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate drops from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell.
2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a cooling water stream flowing between the first and second fuel cells via the first bi-polar plate.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the amount of water in the cooling water stream is kept substantially constant throughout a lifecycle of the system.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first bi-polar plate comprises a porous material.
5. The system according to claim 4 , wherein the porous material is made from at least one of: aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, and graphite.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third fuel cell adjacent to the first fuel cell, the third fuel cell comprises:
a cathode configured to generate hydroxide ions from water, oxygen and electrons;
an anode configured to generate water and electrons from the hydroxide ions and hydrogen received from a hydrogen source; and
an alkaline exchange membrane configured to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode to the anode, and to transfer water from a vicinity of the anode to a vicinity of the cathode; and
a second hi-polar plate located between the cathode of the first fuel cell and the anode of the third fuel cell and configured to transfer excess water from the vicinity of the anode of the third fuel cell to the vicinity of the cathode of the first fuel cell,
wherein a pressure profile across the second bi-polar plate drops from higher level near the anode of the third fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the first fuel cell,
and wherein the first bi-polar plate and the second bi-polar plate are substantially the same.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen source is at least one of: hydrogen gas, ammonia and cracked ammonia.
8. A method of operating a fuel cells system, comprising:
generating hydroxide ions from water, oxygen and electrons on the cathodes of a first and a second fuel cells;
generating water and electrons from the hydroxide ions and hydrogen received from a hydrogen source on the anodes of the first and the second fuel cells; and
transferring excess water generated at the anode of the first fuel cell to a vicinity of the cathode of the second fuel cell via a bi-polar plate located between the anode of the first fuel cell and the cathode of the second fuel cell, by forming a pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate that drops from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell,
wherein each of the first and second fuel cells further comprises: an alkaline exchange membrane configured to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode to the anode, and to transfer water from a vicinity of the anode to a vicinity of the cathode.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
cooling the anodes and cathodes of the first and the second fuel cells by flowing a cooling water stream between the first and second fuel cells via the bi-polar plate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein an amount of water in the cooling water stream is kept substantially constant throughout a lifecycle of the system.