Systems and methods for improving yields of hydrocarbon fuels from alcohols
Systems and methods are provided that permit temperature control of a catalyst bed for conversion of alcohols to fuel hydrocarbons by modulating the water content of the alcohol feed stream provided to the catalyst bed. Heat generated by exothermic reactions in the catalyst bed can be utilized to pre-heat the alcohol feed stream. In some embodiments a secondary catalyst bed is provided for the conversion of light hydrocarbons found in the initial hydrocarbon product to fuel hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure.
1. A method for controlling temperature in a catalyst bed comprising:
providing a catalyst bed configured to process alcohol to a fuel hydrocarbon mixture;
providing a first flow of a first stream comprising the alcohol;
directing a second flow of a second stream comprising water into the first stream to produce a third stream, wherein the third stream is directed to the catalyst bed; and
modulating the first flow or the second flow to modulate water content of the third stream to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired temperature range, wherein a mean temperature within the desired temperature range is from 200° C. to 600° C., and wherein the mean temperature is surrounded by a temperature range selected from the group consisting of ±20° C., ±30° C., ±40° C., ±50° C., ±60° C., ±70° C., ±80° C., ±90° C., and ±100° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of generating temperature data characterizing temperature of the catalyst bed.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
providing the temperature data to a controller;
within the controller, using an algorithm to determine a flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow necessary to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired range; and
transmitting an instruction from the controller to a flow control device to modulate flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow.
4. A method for controlling temperature in a catalyst bed, comprising:
providing a catalyst bed configured to process alcohol to a fuel hydrocarbon mixture, wherein the catalyst bed is at a first temperature;
providing a flow of an alcohol stream at a second temperature that is below the first temperature, wherein the flow is divided into a first flow path and a second flow path, wherein the first flow path is heated to a third temperature and is directed to the catalyst bed, and wherein the second flow path is provided as a passage that is in thermal communication with the catalyst bed; and
modulating flow through the second flow path to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired temperature range, wherein the desired temperature range has a mean temperature of 200° C. to 600° C., and wherein the mean temperature is surrounded by a temperature range selected from the group consisting of ±20° C., ±30° C., ±40° C., ±50° C., ±60° C., ±70° C., ±80° C., ±90° C., and ±100° C.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the third temperature is within the desired temperature range.
6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the step of generating temperature data characterizing temperature of the catalyst bed.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the steps of:
providing the temperature data to a controller;
within the controller, using an algorithm to determine a flow rate of either the first flow path or the second flow path necessary to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired range; and
transmitting an instruction from the controller to a flow control device to modulate flow rate of either the first flow path or the second flow path.