Processes for making polyisobutylene compositions
Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material; calcining the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF 3 , (b) a mixture comprising BF 3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 , SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof; and (b) BF 3 ; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.
1. A catalyst system comprising:
a support material selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 , SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof, the support material having an Al 2 O 3 content between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt %, based on a total weight of the support material; and
BF 3 , wherein a concentration of BF 3 is greater than about 25 wt %, based on a total weight of the catalyst system.
2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a complexing agent.
3. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the complexing agent is an oxygen containing compound or a nitrogen containing compound.
4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of BF 3 is greater than about 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst system.
5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the support material has a SiO 2 content greater than about 45 wt %, based on a total weight of the support material.
6. A method of making a polymer composition, comprising:
providing a catalyst system comprising:
(a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 , SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof; and
(b) BF 3 ;
providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene;
forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system, wherein forming the reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system comprises flowing the catalyst system into a reactor and flowing the feedstock into the reactor;
contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system, wherein contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system comprises maintaining a temperature of the reaction mixture between about −35° C. and about 100° C.; and
obtaining a polymer composition.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst system further comprises:
a complexing agent.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein a temperature of the reaction mixture is between about 0° C. and about 70° C.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the feedstock is raffinate-1.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the feedstock comprises greater than about 20 wt % isobutylene based on a total weight of the feedstock.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein a concentration of the catalyst system in the reaction mixture is between about 500 ppm and about 10,000 ppm based on a total weight of a catalyst feed, and wherein a BF 3 concentration in the reaction mixture is between about 125 ppm and about 2,500 ppm based on the total weight of the catalyst feed.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein providing the catalyst system comprises:
adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF 3 , (b) a mixture comprising BF 3 and a complexing agent, or (c) a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
discharging the polymer composition from a reactor;
feeding the polymer composition to one or more separation apparatuses selected from the group consisting of a solid-liquid separation device and a distillation column; and
discharging the polymer composition from one or more of the separation apparatuses.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polymer composition comprises:
a polyisobutylene having a Mn of about 320 daltons to about 10,000 daltons, the polyisobutylene comprising a first portion comprising polymer chains having alpha vinylidene groups, and one or more of a second portion comprising polymer chains having beta vinylidene groups and a third portion comprising polymer chains having internal vinylidene groups, wherein:
the first portion is greater than about 75 wt % based on a total weight of the polymer composition, and
a total content of the second portion plus the third portion is less than about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the polymer composition.
15. A method of making a polymer composition, comprising:
providing a catalyst system comprising:
(a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 , SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof; and
(b) BF 3 ;
providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene;
forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system, wherein a concentration of the catalyst system in the reaction mixture is between about 500 ppm and about 10,000 ppm based on a total weight of a catalyst feed, and wherein a BF 3 concentration in the reaction mixture is between about 125 ppm and about 2,500 ppm based on the total weight of the catalyst feed;
contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and
obtaining a polymer composition.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the catalyst system further comprises:
a complexing agent.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming the reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system comprises flowing the catalyst system into a reactor and flowing the feedstock into the reactor, and wherein contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system comprises maintaining a temperature of the reaction mixture between about −35° C. and about 100° C.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the feedstock is raffinate-1.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the feedstock comprises greater than about 20 wt % isobutylene based on a total weight of the feedstock.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the polymer composition comprises:
a polyisobutylene having a Mn of about 320 daltons to about 10,000 daltons, the polyisobutylene comprising a first portion comprising polymer chains having alpha vinylidene groups, and one or more of a second portion comprising polymer chains having beta vinylidene groups and a third portion comprising polymer chains having internal vinylidene groups, wherein:
the first portion is greater than about 75 wt % based on a total weight of the polymer composition, and
a total content of the second portion plus the third portion is less than about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the polymer composition.