Spray-dried soft-phase emulsion polymer for filling the gussets in bead polymer layers in a binder jetting method
The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, especially in the form of the binder jetting method, in which particles in a powder bed are bonded by means of a printed adhesive to form a three-dimensional object. The particles may be inorganic particles, for example sand or a metal powder, or polymeric particulate, for example polymethacrylates or polyamides. For this purpose, polymethacrylates may take the form, for example, of suspension polymers, called bead polymers.
1. A method of producing three-dimensional objects from a powder bed by means of a binder jetting method by multiple repetition of the method steps of:
a) applying a powder layer on a surface, wherein the powder bed includes at least two different kinds of particulate material, the first particulate material having a median diameter between 10 and 500 μm, and the second particulate material comprising coagulated emulsion polymers having a median secondary diameter between 0.5 μm and 80 μm; and
b) selectively applying a binder and subsequently or simultaneously thickening this binder in the powder bed by swelling the powder and/or curing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coagulated emulsion polymers comprise a spray-dried product of an emulsion polymerization, these emulsion polymers have a median primary diameter between 100 and 800 nm, and the spray-dried and coagulated emulsion polymers are mixed with the first particulate material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coagulated emulsion polymers comprise particles that, as a result of precipitation of the emulsion from the polymerization after addition of the first particles to this emulsion and subsequent filtration and drying, are wholly or partly in coagulated form on the surface of the first particulate material.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coagulated emulsion polymers comprise a freeze-dried product of an emulsion polymerization, these emulsion polymers have a median primary diameter between 100 and 800 nm, and the freeze-dried and coagulated emulsion polymers are mixed with the first particulate material.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first particulate material comprises a particulate polymer material comprising an initiator suitable for curing the binder or a catalyst or accelerator that accelerates the curing.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the particulate polymer material comprises a PMMA suspension polymer having a mean diameter between 30 and 120 μm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second particulate material comprises acrylate-based emulsion polymers having a glass transition temperature, measured by means of DSC, of at least 20° C. below the glass transition temperature of the first particulate material determined by means of DSC.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second particulate material comprises acrylate-based emulsion polymers having a glass transition temperature, measured by means of DSC, of at least 40° C. below the glass transition temperature of the first particulate material determined by means of DSC.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the precipitation is promoted by addition of suitable coagulating aids and/or a change in the pH of the emulsion.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second particulate material comprises an initiator suitable for curing the binder or a catalyst or accelerator that accelerates the curing.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the secondary diameter of the coagulated emulsion polymers has a median diameter between 1 and 5 μm.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the secondary diameter of the coagulated emulsion polymers has a median diameter between 20 and 80 μm.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary diameter of the coagulated emulsion polymers has a median diameter between 20 and 80 μm.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein weight ratio of emulsion polymer to suspension polymer is between 0.1:9.9 and 2:8.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of emulsion polymer to suspension polymer is between 0.2:9.8 and 1:9.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first particulate material comprises a particulate polymer material comprising an initiator suitable for curing the binder or a catalyst or accelerator that accelerates the curing.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second particulate material comprises acrylate-based emulsion polymers having a glass transition temperature, measured by means of DSC, of at least 20° C. below the glass transition temperature of the first particulate material determined by means of DSC.
18. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first particulate material comprises a particulate polymer material comprising an initiator suitable for curing the binder or a catalyst or accelerator that accelerates the curing.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the second particulate material comprises acrylate-based emulsion polymers having a glass transition temperature, measured by means of DSC, of at least 20° C. below the glass transition temperature of the first particulate material determined by means of DSC.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the second particulate material comprises acrylate-based emulsion polymers having a glass transition temperature, measured by means of DSC, of at least 40° C. below the glass transition temperature of the first particulate material determined by means of DSC.