Isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluid samples
The invention relates to compositions and methods for isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a biological fluid sample. The compositions and methods of the invention are based on the combination of a polycation with an extracellular matrix forming polymer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are isolated from biological fluids such as blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine or cerebrospinal fluid, or from the conditioned medium of a cell culture, such as an adult stem cell culture. The use of the isolation methods and compositions of the invention results in a higher EVs recovery, enrichment in exosomes, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and in the isolation of EVs that retain their biological activities in vitro.
1. A method of isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a biological fluid sample, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) mixing the biological fluid sample with a polycationic substance and an extracellular matrix forming polymer;
(ii) incubating the mixture, thereby achieving precipitation of the EVs; and
(ii) separating the precipitated EVs from the mixture.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of separating the precipitated EVs from the mixture is effected by centrifugation.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polycationic substance is a protamine salt, a polylysine salt, or a cationic dextran salt.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the salt is a hydrochloride.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extracellular matrix forming polymer is a hydrogel.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extracellular matrix forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of collagen, gelatine, starch, alginate, agarose, polyethylene glycol, dextran, dextran sulfate, dextran acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hyaluronic acid, and hydroxy ethyl starch.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and the conditioned medium of a cell culture.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the cell culture is an adult stem cell culture.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polycationic substance is mixed with the extracellular matrix forming polymer and with the biological fluid sample to result in a concentration of 0.02-2 mg/ml in the mixture.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extracellular matrix forming polymer is mixed with the polycationic substance and with the biological fluid sample to result in a concentration of 0.01-0.2 g/ml in the mixture.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extracellular matrix forming polymer has an average molecular weight within the range of from 4 to 100 kDa.
12. The method according to claim 2 , wherein centrifugation is carried out at 1000-50000 g.
13. The method according to claim 2 , wherein centrifugation is carried out at 100-10000 g.
14. The method according to claim 2 , wherein centrifugation is carried out at 1000-5000 g.
15. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the cell culture is an adult mesenchymal stem cell culture or an adult liver pluripotent progenitor cell culture.