Ceramic and ceramic composite components
Thermally-conductive ceramic and ceramic composite components suitable for high temperature applications, systems having such components, and methods of manufacturing such components. The thermally-conductive components are formed by a displacive compensation of porosity (DCP) process and are suitable for use at operating temperatures above 600° C. without a significant reduction in thermal and mechanical properties.
1. A thermally-conductive ceramic or ceramic composite component for a high temperature system, the component prepared by a method comprising:
providing a preform having surface channels in at least a first surface thereof, a pore volume, and a ceramic volume that comprises at least one displaceable species;
providing a fluid comprising at least one displacing metal capable of displacing the at least one displaceable species to produce at least one ceramic reaction product volume; and
allowing the fluid to infiltrate the preform and react with the preform such that the at least one displacing metal at least partially replaces the at least one displaceable species to produce the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, the pore volume is at least partially filled by the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, the component has the surface channels formed at least partially by the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, and the component comprises a ceramic reaction volume portion having a volume greater than the ceramic volume lost by reaction of the preform from which the at least one displaceable species is displaced; and
wherein the component is more thermally conductive than the preform with the pore volume; and
wherein the component is a ceramic/metal composite and the metal of the ceramic/metal composite is a metal, a metal solid solution, a metal mixture, or any combination thereof chosen from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, hafnium, iron, manganese, nickel, silicon, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium, or any combination thereof.
2. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the component is a plate having the surface channels thereon, and the method further comprises joining the component to a second ceramic or ceramic composite plate-shaped component.
3. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the component is coated with a layer of a corrosion-resistant material.
4. The thermally-conductive component of claim 3 , wherein the layer of corrosion-resistant material comprises a pure metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, a ceramic alloy, a metal composite, a ceramic composite, or any combination thereof.
5. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the component is coated with a layer of a material that enhances diffusion bonding of the component to a second ceramic or ceramic composite component.
6. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the preform is a plate having the surface channels thereon, and the method further comprises joining the component to a second ceramic or ceramic composite plate-shaped component to form a plate assembly with the surface channels enclosed therebetween, providing a header on at least one edge of the plate assembly, and with the header fluidically coupling the surface channels to a component of a heat exchanger.
7. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic of the ceramic/metal composite is a compound, solid solution, or mixture chosen from the group consisting of an oxide, a sulfide, a halide, or any combination thereof.
8. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein:
the ceramic of the ceramic/metal composite is a compound, solid solution, or mixture chosen from the group consisting of a carbide, a boride, a sulfide, a nitride, or a halide;
the preform is formed by pressing a mixture of the ceramic volume and a binder and then sintering the mixture in an oxygen-scrubbed atmosphere to rigidify the preform; and
the preform is infiltrated with the fluid in an oxygen-scrubbed atmosphere.
9. The thermally-conductive component of claim 1 , wherein the surface channels are entirely contained in the first surface.
10. A thermally-conductive ceramic or ceramic composite component for a high temperature system, the component prepared by a method comprising:
providing a preform having surface channels in at least a first surface thereof, a pore volume, and a ceramic volume that comprises at least one displaceable species;
providing a fluid comprising at least one displacing metal capable of displacing the at least one displaceable species to produce at least one ceramic reaction product volume; and
allowing the fluid to infiltrate the preform and react with the preform such that the at least one displacing metal at least partially replaces the at least one displaceable species to produce the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, the pore volume is at least partially filled by the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, the component has the surface channels formed at least partially by the at least one ceramic reaction product volume, and the component comprises a ceramic reaction volume portion having a volume greater than the ceramic volume lost by reaction of the preform from which the at least one displaceable species is displaced; and
wherein the component is more thermally conductive than the preform with the pore volume; and
wherein the component is a ceramic/metal composite and the ceramic of the ceramic/metal composite is a compound, solid solution, or mixture chosen from the group consisting of an oxide, a sulfide, a halide, or any combination thereof.
11. The thermally-conductive component of claim 10 , wherein the preform is a plate having the patterned channels thereon, and the method further comprises joining the component to a second ceramic or ceramic composite plate-shaped component.
12. The thermally-conductive component of claim 10 , wherein the component and the second component are joined by depositing a layer of a material on a surface on each of the components that enhances diffusion bonding of the component to a second ceramic or ceramic composite component, or by depositing a corrosion-resistant layer on a surface on each of the components, and then diffusion bonding the surfaces comprising the metallic coatings.
13. The thermally-conductive component of claim 10 , wherein the metal of the ceramic/metal composite comprises one or more of a metal, a metal solid solutions, a metal mixture, or any combination thereof of one or more of chromium, cobalt, copper, hafnium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium, or any combination thereof.
14. The thermally-conductive component of claim 10 , wherein the preform comprises one or more of the carbides of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten or one or more of the borides of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, or tungsten and the fluid is a liquid comprised of one or more of titanium, zirconium, or hafnium and one or more of copper, tin, nickel, cobalt, iron, lead, bismuth, manganese, cadmium, indium.