Optical modulator
A single drive type optical modulator has good high-frequency characteristics and reduced wavelength chirp of the modulated light. An optical modulator is provided with a Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide including first and second optical waveguides, a buffer layer covering the first and second optical waveguides, and an electrode layer including first and second ground electrodes and a signal electrode positioned between the first and second ground electrodes in a plan view. The signal electrode has a first lower surface covering the first optical waveguide through the buffer layer, the first ground electrode has a first lower surface covering the second optical waveguide through the buffer layer and a second lower surface positioned above the first lower surface, and a gap between the signal electrode and the second ground electrode that is larger than a gap between the signal electrode and the first ground electrode.
1. An optical modulator comprising:
a Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide including first and second optical waveguides;
a buffer layer covering the first and second optical waveguides; and
an electrode layer including first and second ground electrodes and a signal electrode positioned between the first and second ground electrodes in a plan view, wherein
an insulating layer provided between the buffer layer and the electrode layer, the insulating layer having first and second openings positioned above the first and second optical waveguides, respectively,
the signal electrode has a first lower surface covering the first optical wave guide through the buffer layer, the signal electrode including an upper part formed in the electrode layer and a lower part embedded in the first opening, and
the first ground electrode has a first lower surface covering the second optical waveguide through the buffer layer and a second lower surface positioned above the first lower surface thereof, the first ground electrode including an upper part formed in the electrode layer and a lower part embedded in the second opening, wherein
a gap between the signal electrode and the second ground electrode is larger than a gap between the signal electrode and the first ground electrode, and wherein
a width of the upper part of the first ground electrode is larger than a width of the lower part of the first ground electrode.
2. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
a width of the first lower surface of the signal electrode is larger than a width of the first lower surface of the first ground electrode.
3. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the signal electrode further has a second lower surface positioned above the first lower surface thereof.
4. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the width of the first lower surface of the signal electrode and the width of the first lower surface of the first ground electrode are larger than the widths of the first and second optical waveguides.
5. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
at least a part of the insulating layer existing at the lower portion of an electrode isolation region between the lower part of the signal electrode and the lower part of the first ground electrode is removed.
6. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide has at least one linear section and at least one curved section,
the first lower surface of the signal electrode covers the first optical waveguide at the linear section through the buffer layer, and
the first lower surface of the first ground electrode covers the second optical waveguide at the linear section through the buffer layer.
7. The optical modulator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide is formed of a lithium niobate film formed on a substrate, and
the c-axis of the lithium niobate film is oriented in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the substrate.